常見農業廢棄物燃燒的顆粒在不同粒徑下之化學特性分析

Chemical Characteristics of Particulate Matters in Different Size Distribution from Common Agricultural Residue Combustions

湯士典(Tang, Shih Tien)

指導教授 ： 白光宇

國立清華大學/原子科學院/生醫工程與環境科學系/碩士(2015年)

https://doi.org/10.6843/NTHU.2015.00271

摘要

東南亞區域的空氣品質因為其當地農業廢棄物燃燒而產生影響，不僅僅空氣品質甚至人體健康都受到升值燃燒產生的氣膠物化特性而有一定風險，稻米是東南亞區域最主要的農業作物，因此，本篇研究將提供農業廢棄物燃燒產生氣膠在不同粒徑下的化學組成，除此之外，使用恆溫恆濕箱來調控稻草在燃燒之前的溼度(外部相對濕度為小於10%、40%、及90%)，本研究包含十一次的燃燒室實驗及位於密蘇拉的實驗室所做的十六次開放式燃燒室實驗，本研究中所有的燃燒實驗皆是控制在明燃的燃燒條件下進行，重金屬、脫水醣類、水溶性無機離子與水溶性有機碳的釋放濃度也會在本研究當中提及。
Levoglucosan、Mannosan、Galactosan之中，以Levoglucosan佔據最大的比例，而稻草燃燒所產生的優勢水溶性陰陽離子為氯、鉀、硝酸及硫酸根離子，其中有些陰陽離子的相關係數相當高(Cl-/K+, K+/NO3-, and NH4+/SO42-)，尤其是氯離子及鉀離子的相關係數而高達0.937，未燒的稻草濕度在水溶性有機碳、重金屬及脫水醣類皆無有劇烈影響，然而在某些陰陽離子而有不同的粒徑分布改變，而鉛和鎘離子會因為其稻草地域性不同(台灣及中國大陸)而有不同的分布，但是其分布皆在粒徑小於2.1微米，從米蘇拉的開放式燃燒室實驗可以發現麥稈燃燒、稻米燃燒與矮草燃燒所釋放的陰陽離子有很大的不同。

關鍵字

生質燃燒 ； 粒徑分布 ； 水含量 ； 稻米稈

並列摘要

The air quality in south-east Asia have been influenced by the emissions of agricultural residue burning. Not only air quality but also human health are also at risk of the chemical and physical properties of aerosols. Rice straw is the main crop in south-east Asia. Therefore, this study was designed to get more comprehensive understanding of size-segregated chemical characterization of aerosols emitted from rice straw burning (0.43-10μm). In addition, the three water contents of unburned rice straw were the operating factor with Tem. and Humi. Chamber in this study (<10%, 40%, and 90%). Eleven rice straw combustions and the sixteen large chamber experiments from forth Fire Laboratory at Missoula Experiments were conducted. The burning condition of all experiments were classified to flaming phase with modified combustion efficiency values. The emission factors of water-soluble ions, anhydrosugars, water-soluble organic carbon, and trace heavy metals were calculated.
The levoglucosan, mannosan, galactosan were measured and levoglucosan occupied the most amount of these three anhydrosugars. The dominant species from rice straw burning were Cl-, K+, NO3-, and SO42-. The correlations of some specific ions (Cl-/K+, K+/NO3-, and NH4+/SO42-) were very good especially Cl- and K+ (above 0.937). The water contents of rice straw conditioned under three relatively humidity had no significantly influence on the size distributions of WSOC, anhydrosugars, and trace heavy metals. However, the size distribution of some anions and cations were affected by the different water contents. The heavy metals, Pb and Cd, were different from the origin of rice straw (Taiwan and China) and distributed in the fine mode. The emissions of wheat straw burning, rice straw burning, and grass burning were different in portions of ions from one another.

並列關鍵字

biomass burning ； size-segregation ； water content ； rice straw

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