應用人因工程介入技術改善屠宰場之工作現場

Using ergonomics intervention technique to improve workplaces of slaughter house

詹明翰

指導教授 ： 游志雲

國立清華大學/工學院/工業工程與工程管理學系/碩士(2009年)

摘要

本文目的在於應用人因工程介入技術於屠宰廠之工作場所改善。國內外勞工因為工作所引起職業性的肌肉骨骼傷害儼然已成為勞工最主要之職業病，而屠宰業相較於一般產業所面臨的挑戰更為嚴峻。造成肌肉骨骼傷害的主要成因有：過度施力、高重複動作、低溫、震動、以及不良的姿勢。為了降低肌肉骨骼傷害，歐美等先進國家無不戮力以赴，建置許多推動組織，推動各式各樣的防制計畫，其中也包括不少屠宰業的改善實例。有鑑於國外的改善成效良好，本研究也應用人因工程技術，針對國內一家屠宰場中的取料作業、切塊作業、全雞包裝作業與紙箱堆放作業等四項作業進行改善。改善流程是先透過現場訪視來了解作業現況與流程，接著由作業流程找出造成危害成因的線索，並且透過OWAS、生物力學與實驗的方法來加以證實，再利用人因工程技術進行改善，最後同樣以OWAS、生物力學與實驗的方法對改善案進行效益評估。經由OWAS與生物力學分析的結果，危害數字與L5/S1椎間盤的壓力情形有明顯的降低，而透過實驗方法分析的結果，作業環境原本存在的危害成因，也有明顯的降低與消除，因此，改善效果是相當顯著的。

關鍵字

肌肉骨骼傷害 ； 人因工程技術 ； OWAS ； 生物力學

並列摘要

The object of this study is utilizing Ergonomic Intervention technique on improving the workplace of slaughter house. The musculoskeletal disorder has been the major part of the occupational diseases from the workers around the world, moreover, there is more rigorous in the slaughter house. The main causes of the musculoskeletal disorder are over-exertion, high repetition, cold, vibration, and awkward posture. In order to decrease musculoskeletal disorder, all kinds of associations and preventive plans, including slaughter house policies, were promoted in the developed countries. Base on the good outcome abroad, this research applied ergonomic technique to improve selecting, stripping, poultry packing, and cardboard box stacking processes in a slaughter house. The road map of procedure is realizing the situation by site visit and then finding the clues of hazards among the process firstly, proving the result through the OWAS, biomechanics and experiments secondly, improving the process by ergonomic technique thirdly, and estimating effects by OWAS, biomechanics and experiments in the final. From the result of OWAS and biomechanics, the pressure from an L5/S1 intervertebral disk and hazardous number have been outstanding decrease. From the result of experiments, the original causes of hazards have been decrease and eliminate. Overall, there is a remarkable improvement.

並列關鍵字

musculoskeletal disorders ； ergonomic technique ； OWAS ； biomechanics

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