台灣閩南語正反問句中否定助動詞的系統

Patterns of Negative Words of A-not-A Questions in Taiwan Southern Min

鄭雅方(Ya-Fang Cheng)

指導教授 ： 連金發

國立清華大學/人文社會學院/語言學研究所/碩士(2007年)

摘要

本文主要是藉由結構上的關係來探討閩南語正反問句的語意衍生與限制及否定助動詞的系統。Lin(1975)從句法的角度來觀察關於閩南語正反問句的句式結構，並整理出閩南語正反問句中肯定與否定相配對的類型。閩南語正反問句在肯定助動詞與否定助動詞之間，會有疑問範域存在於此處，如「啊你彼石頭卜賣無？」。當我們觀察語料又顯示出閩南語肯定助動詞與否定助動詞在配對上出現了不對稱現象，否定詞「無」的使用限制正逐漸放寬，可與否定助動詞「無」相配的肯定助動詞不再是只有肯定助動詞「有」。例如：肯定詞「會」、「卜」等也可與否定詞「無」相配。此外，蒐集語料時發現到有複合否定詞「有無」、「是毋」等類型出現，且此種複合否定詞的相配也產生了否定詞「無」的使用限制放寬的現象，因此有「sioh」此種縮音形式(由「是無」縮音而成)出現。
本文討論方向：（1）第一章先討論研究的動機、方法及理論引介；（2）第二章回顧其他學者對於閩南語正反問句的相關研究；（3）第三章討論閩南語正反問句的結構特點和類型，並就其肯定助動詞和否定助動詞的類型分述之。（4）第四章探討閩南語正反問句中疑問範域的位置，句法語義特徵，及從格局語法的角度來看閩南語正反問句；（5）第五章討論閩南語正反問句中肯定助動詞與否定助動詞配對的不對稱現象；（6）第六章為結語。

關鍵詞：閩南語 正反問句 肯定詞 否定詞 不對稱 複合否定詞

關鍵字

閩南語 ； 正反問句 ； 肯定詞 ； 否定詞 ； 不對稱 ； 複合否定詞

並列摘要

This study is intended to discuss the semantic derivations and limitations of A-not-A questions in Taiwan Southern Min, focusing on the system of negative auxiliary verbs. In his study of the syntactic construction of A-not-A questions in Taiwan Southern Min, Lin (1975) has listed out types of affirmative and negative auxiliary verbs in this Taiwanese dialect. Between affirmative and negative auxiliary verbs in A-not-A questions in Taiwan Southern Min, there exists an interrogative scope, as in a0 li2 he1 cioh8 thau5 beh4 be7 bo0? “Will you sell those stones or not?” In our study, we have observed an asymmetry between affirmative and negative auxiliary verbs. More specifically, the negative auxiliary verb bo5 “not have” is not restricted to the affirmative auxiliary verb u7 “have.” It can also be used with other affirmative auxiliary verbs, such as e7 “be able to,” beh4 “will,” etc. Additionally, we have also found several negative compound words in our data, such as u7 bo5 “have or not,” si7 m7 “yes or no,” etc., which further indicate the releasing restrictions on the negative auxiliary verb bo5 “not have.”
This study consists of six chapters. Chapter 1 is the introduction. Chapter 2 reviews previous studies on A-not-A questions. Chapter 3 discusses the construction and types of A-not-A questions in Taiwan Southern Min, particularly focusing on affirmative and negative auxiliary verbs. Chapter 4 discusses the interrogative scope and syntactic and semantic characteristics of A-not-A question in Taiwan Southern Min. We also adopt the construction grammar to analyze A-not-A questions in this dialect. Chapter 5 discusses the asymmetry between affirmative and negative auxiliary verbs. Finally, Chapter 6 concludes the findings in this study.

參考文獻

Li, Jen-kuei, 1971. Two Negative Markers in Taiwanese. Bulletin of theInstitute of History and Philology. Academic Sinica XLⅢ:201—20.

Frege, Gottlob. 1980. On sense and reference. In Peter Geach and Max Black (eds.) Translations form Philosophical Writings of Gottlob Frege. Oxford: Blackwell.

Jackendoff, Ray S. 1997. The architecture of the language faculty. Cambridge, Mass. :MIT Press.

Saillaire, Claire. 1992. Negation in Taiwanese Syntactic and Semantic Aspects. Hsinchu, Taiwan: National Tsing Hua University.

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