以群創光電為例：探討策略規劃的迷思

A Case Study of Innolux: A Discussion of The Myths of Strategic Planning

王聖山

指導教授 ： 吳鑄陶

國立清華大學/工學院/工業工程與工程管理學系/碩士(2006年)

摘要

在台灣的TFT-LCD面板產業中，群創光電有著非常獨特的發展狀況，因而吸引本研究的注意；群創屬於鴻海集團體系中的關係企業，為產業的新進入者，採取系統組裝廠的特殊定位，在2005年成為一座面板廠兼監視器大廠；同時，於2005年底成為全球第6大的LCD Monitor製造商，其年度營收也突破500億台幣。也由於上述優異的經營成果，使其特殊定位與發展策略受到了新聞媒體的推崇與肯定。如此一來，群創的發展現況就像是經過事先的設計與規劃所產生的結果，而這也間接印證了策略規劃的論點及重要性。
然而，觀察群創實際的發展過程，卻出現不一樣的解讀；這也讓策略規劃所具備的實際效應值得被檢視。究竟，群創特殊的發展狀況是否是透過策略規劃的程序所事先產生的結果？或者是受其他的影響力之左右，逐漸演化而成的結果？
為了解析上述的問題，本研究以群創光電為個案分析之對象，採取資源依賴論的觀點，針對群創之發展過程以及相關的產業動態做探討與研究分析，以釐清策略規劃在本個案當中所扮演的角色，以及所具備之實質意義。
最後，本研究認定群創的發展現況並非由策略規劃所產生的結果，而是受到面板產業、鴻海集團以及群創內部這三大影響力之左右，再加上這三力之間的交互作用之綜合影響，逐漸演化而成的結果。同時，研究發現，策略規劃在本個案當中會呈現出4項盲點與迷思：（1）長期發展策略的盲點；（2）執行策略規劃可能不切實際；（3）創造未來的最佳可能之迷思；（4）在劇烈變動的環境中執行策略規劃的矛盾。
本個案的分析結果以及研究結論，印證了Mintzberg針對策略規劃所提出的反面論述，也和Mintzberg提出的三大謬誤有相互呼應的地方。

關鍵字

策略規劃 ； Mintzberg ； TFT-LCD面板產業 ； 群創光電 ； 鴻海集團

並列摘要

In the TFT-LCD panel industry in Taiwan, Innolux is very special. Its developing state is very peculiar and therefore causes the attention of this research. Innolux, which belongs to Hon Hai Group, is a newcomer of the TFT-LCD panel industry, and takes the peculiar orientation of system factory. In 2005, Innolux became a hybrid manufacturer which could produce both TFT-LCD panels and LCD monitors. In the meanwhile, it became the sixth biggest LCD monitor supplier in the world this year, and its annual revenue also reached at 50 billions NT dollars.
Because of the outstanding operational results in 2005, its peculiar orientation and development strategies were highly praised by mass media. Under this situation, it looked as if the developing state of Innolux was the outcome of pre-design and pre-planning. Moreover, this situation also proved the arguments and the importance of strategic planning.
However, after observing the actual developing process of Innolux, there comes out different opinions, which cause the actual effect of strategic planning to be worth examined. After all, is the special developing state of Innolux the outcome of the process of strategic planning? Or, is that just one outcome of the organizational evolution affected by other influences?
To resolve the questions above, this research proceeds as a case study of Innolux with the resource dependence perspective. This study focuses on the developing process of Innolux and related industry news to make certain whether or not strategic planning played an important and effective role in this case.
Eventually, this study concludes that the developing state of Innolux is not the result from the process of strategic planning. On the contrary, that is the outcome of the organizational evolution affected by three major influences and the integrated effect of the interactions among these three major influences. The sources of these three major influences are respectively the TFT-LCD panel industry, Hon Hai Group, and the inner state of Innolux itself. Furthermore, this study finds out four problems for strategic planning in the case. The first is that the necessity of the long-term strategy is questionable. The second is concerned about non-effectiveness of strategic planning. The third is that to pursue the optimal solution in the future for one organization may be a myth. The fourth is about the conflicts between control and flexibility.
The conclusions of this study also prove the negative arguments about strategic planning proposed by Mintzberg in 1994, including the three serious fallacies.

並列關鍵字

Strategic Planning ； Mintzberg ； TFT-LCD Panel Industry ； Innolux ； Hon Hai Group

參考文獻

1. Mintzberg, H., The Rise and Fall of Strategic Planning, Hardcover, The Free Press, New York and Toronto, 1994.

2. Mintzberg, H., Ahlstrand, B. and Lampel J., Strategy Safari: A Guide Tour Through the Wilds of Strategic Management, 1st ed., Simon & Schuster INC., New York, 1998.

3. Pfeffer, J. and Salancik, G. R., The External Control of Organizations：A Resource Dependence Perspective, An imprint of Stanford University Press, Stanford Business Classics, 2003.

中文部分

1. 林金榜譯，策略巡禮：管理大師明茲伯格的策略全書，第一版，商周出版，城邦文化發行，台北市，民國九十二年七月。