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  • 學位論文

賣地的頭目:嘉蘭人的土地觀念變遷

指導教授 : 陳中民
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摘要


本文將透過排灣人與土地的觀念與儀式行為,以及人們藉由利用土地的方式所產生的社會關係之重點描述,說明傳統的排灣文化中土地被視為頭目地位象徵意義的改變及其因由。藉著探討嘉蘭人土地觀念的變遷,進而理解環境與歷史的變遷是如何影響嘉蘭人的行為。換言之,我想由嘉蘭人不同於傳統的行為入手,看看這些新的行為模式如何反映環境與歷史的變遷;並描述嘉蘭人對於土地觀念的認知與土地觀念如何在土地使用中呈現。最後希望討論土地的禁忌、儀式、使用方式與分類等排灣文獻,進一步探討今日在嘉蘭村所發生的多起土地糾紛、自然災害及其所必須面對的問題。 在排灣的文獻中,土地代表著頭目的權貴象徵與聲望地位的由來,而歷經環境與歷史變遷的嘉蘭人,對於土地所代表聲望的意義是否產生改變?是那些原因造成土地觀念的改變?在不同的社會關係與土地利用方式之下,人們對土地的認知是否背離或維持傳統的排灣文化?歷史與環境的變遷之於人們對土地認知又有什麼關連?在嘉蘭人土地觀念變遷的探討中,是否可以讓我們看到同時位居文化、社經邊緣的嘉蘭人是因為什麼歷程,而逐步複製主流社會的看法,或者有著對主流社會的反叛。同時我也想討論一個文化體系是否可以在它的社會環境變遷之下產生持續的可能?如是,造成社會文化持續的關鍵特性是什麼?語言、生計產業、環境、服飾、儀式或社會組織?哪一個才是至為重要的文化特性?簡言之,我想藉此變遷與適應過程的研究,分析維繫文化持續的因素與機制。

關鍵字

東排灣 頭目制度 土地 變遷 自然災害

並列摘要


Summary By studying the intellection of land and ceremonial behavior of Paiwan people, we herewith draw upon the land-utilization and the social relations to illustrate Paiwan culture that result in land has been reputed as the turn of symbolization of the mamazangilan`s (the master chief) status. By study the change of the intellection and circumstance of land in Ka-aluan village, we hereby understand how the environment and history can affect the Ka-aluan`s behavior. I would like to emphasize on the behavior of Ka-aluan and to figure how this behavior mode can reflect the changes of the environment and history as well as describe the perception and utilization of land in Ka-aluan village. And lastly, I would like to discuss the taboo, ceremony, utilization, classification of land in Paiwan literature, therefore to ulteriorly face all the facts in Ka-aluan village including the conflict of land, natural disaster et al. In Paiwan literature, land represents the symbol of dignitary and reputation of the mamazangilan. Nowadays those people in Ka-aluan has faced the changes of the environment and history which do inflect the alteration of the meaning of land. What are these causes due to change the intellection of land? What kind of social relation and land-utilization will give off or still maintain the concept of land in traditional culture of Paiwan? Are there any connection between the changes of environment, history and the percipience of land? Due to the research of the perception of land in Ka-aluan, we will understand people in Ka-aluan who will or will not be affect under the mainstream society? In the meantime, I would like to indicate how the possibility of persistency will culture system do create under the transformation of social circumstance? So far, what are the determinative causes of the existence of society culture? Langue, livelihood estate, environment, costume, taboo or social organization? Which one happens to be the most important trait of culture? To be brief, by using the study of the transformation and adaptive process, it will help to analyze the process and mechanism of culture sustenance.

並列關鍵字

Paiwan mamazangilan land transformation natural disaster

參考文獻


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