漢語音韻部門中的移位

Generalized Post-syntactic Movement in Mandarin Chinese

曾文忻(Wen-Hsin Karen Tseng)

指導教授 ： 林宗宏

國立清華大學/人文社會學院/語言學研究所/碩士(2010年)

https://doi.org/10.6843/NTHU.2010.00557

摘要

在此研究中，我將以音韻部門的移位理論(PF movement)，對漢語中動詞與形容詞的重疊現象(reduplication)，以及正反問句(A-not-A question)提出一致性的分析。漢語中的重疊現象有各種不同的語音形式。單音節詞語的語音重疊形式為AA，而雙音節詞語的語音重疊形式包含：AAB、ABB、ABAB、以及AABB四種。另一方面，漢語的正反問句有A-not-AB和AB-not-A兩種主要形式。在音韻部門移位的理論框架之下，漢語的重疊現象與正反問句的所有語音形式擁有一致的衍生過程。在動詞中，重疊詞素(reduplication morpheme)的功能為暫時時貌(delimitative aspect)，藉由向下的移位與離它最近的句法詞素(morphosyntactic word)做合併，進而產生動詞的重疊形式。此外，在形容詞中，重疊詞素扮演程度詞素(degree morpheme)的功能，同樣藉由向下的移位與離它最近的句法詞素做合併，衍生出形容詞的重疊形式。然而，正反問句的衍生比重疊形式更為複雜。我認為在正反問句的衍生過程中經歷了兩階段的移位。首先，A-not-A 運符向下移位與離它最近的句法詞素做合併。第二階段，A-not-A 運符將決定複製的範圍，以衍生出各種不同的語音形式。本論文的貢獻如下：第一、我證明了在漢語中音韻部門的移位現象非常豐富。第二、我為句法-詞法界面做了更多元的詮釋。在此論文中，我顯示了句法-詞法界面具有豐富的語言現象，值得日後更深入的探討與研究。

關鍵字

向下移位 ； 局部移位 ； 句法詞素 ； 重疊現象 ； Anot-A運符

並列摘要

In this work, I provide a unified analysis for verbal and adjectival reduplication and the formation of A-not-A questions in Mandarin Chinese, based on the framework of post-syntactic movement. Reduplication has various manifestation in Mandarin Chinese. Monosyllabic words are reduplicated as AA, whereas disyllabic words are reduplicated as AAB, ABB, ABAB or AABB. The A-not-A question has two main subtypes, A-not-AB and AB-not-A. This paper provides a unified way to deal with the different sub-constructions of Mandarin reduplication and A-not-A questions. The claim of this work is that the delimitative aspect undergoes post-syntactic lowering targeting the closest MWd of the sentence to yiled verbal reduplication. Adjectival reduplication has a similar derivation. The reduplication morpheme origining in the head of DegreeP targets the closest MWd to derive adjectival reduplication. Different phonological realizations of Mandarin reduplication indicate that post-syntactic operations can provide a probe into the internal structures of its target. The formation of the A-not-A questions is more complicated. The A-not-A questions are built through two steps of M-mergers: Lowering and Local Dislocation. The A-not-A OP targets the closest MWd by Lowering. Afterward, Local Dislocation is applied to determine the reduplication domain. The contribution of this work is as follows. First, it shows that post-syntactic operations and M-mergers are productive in Mandarin Chinese. Second, it contributes to the study of syntax-morphology interface, and shows that it is a rich area to pursue, as Mandarin Chinese could offer very interesting evidence for some of its operations.

並列關鍵字

Lowering ； Local Dislocation ； MWd ； Reduplication ； A-not-A OP

參考文獻

Liu, Chi-Ming. 2006. Degree Modification of Adjectives in Mandarin Chinese. M.A. thesis, National Tsing-Hua University, Taiwan.

Huang, Rui-Heng. 2008. Deriving VP-NEg Questions in Modern Chinese: A Unified Analysis of A-not-A Syntax. Taiwan Journal of Linguistics 6.1: 1-54.

Embick, David and Noyer, Rolf. 1999. Locality in Post-Syntactic Operation. MIT Working Paper in Linguistics 34: 265-317

Skinner, Tobin. 2008. Morphological Optionality in Reduplication: A Lowering Account. Proceddings of the 26th West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics. Charles B. Chang & Hannah, Haying (eds). 420-428. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceddings Project.

Embick, David and Noyer, Rolf. 2001. Movement Operation after Syntax. Linguistic Inquiry, 32.4: 555-595.