機台/製程群組方法之研究

Time-Based Machine/Process Grouping

鄭兆恩(Chao-En Cheng)

指導教授 ： 許棟樑

國立清華大學/工學院/工業工程與工程管理學系/碩士(2008年)

摘要

製造單元設計的品質良窳，對於系統生產績效，有直接重大的影響，過去於設計製造單元時，利用群組技術針對產品零件進行分類形成零件族與機器族，其分類依據，往往憑藉著規劃者過去的經驗以及定性的邏輯推論與分析，所規劃出的結果時常過於主觀且缺乏明確的依據，然而，由於製程整備所造成的損失，機台/製程的群組時常對於整體完工時間與系統產出有嚴重的影響。本研究提出了一個建構於相似係數概念與換線整備次數並以時間為基礎的機台/製程群組方法 ，並利用分類枝狀圖(Dendrogram)進行製程與機台的分群，此外，本研究建立了一個以Excel為基礎的群組程式，提供工程師一個客觀量化的自動化分群流程。 本研究進而使用實際晶圓廠的生產資料以及運用模擬模式測詴本研究所提出之群組技術的生產績效。並且考量先進先出法(FIFO)與關鍵比率法(CR)，此兩派工法則，研究結果顯示將本研究所提出之群組技術與現有工廠分群以及兩個比較的方法進行比較，於系統產出(throughput)、帄均完工時間(average cycle time)、帄均在製品數(Work In Process)、達交率(delivery rate)與移動量(move)，此五樣績效指標上皆顯著的優於其它三者。

關鍵字

製造單元設計 ； 群組技術 ； 分類枝狀圖 ； HASH(0x1b80d0e0)

並列摘要

The quality of manufacturing design has foundamental impacts on the production performance. In designing manufacturing cells, people often apply Group Technology to group the parts into the different machine families and/or parts families based on product or process features. This often relies on individual’s experience and qualitative logical analysis. The results can be subjective and arbitrary. However, major impacts by machine/process grouping are often on the overall cycle time and throughput due to set-up/change-over losses. This research proposed a time-based machine/process grouping method based on similarity concept and set-up/change-over times. A Dendrogram is used to group the processes and machines. An Excel-based grouping program is established to automate the objective quantitative process ready for engineers to use. Using data from a real semiconductor fabrication plant, simulation models were used to test the performance of the proposed grouping technique. First-in-First-out and Critical Ratio dispatching rules were experimented. The results show that the proposed grouping technique has far better performance than the existing grouping and two other comparative methods in throughput, average cycle time, average WIP (Work In Process), delivery rate and move.

並列關鍵字

Manufacturing Cell Design ； Group Technology ； Dendrogram ； Machine grouping

參考文獻

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