預示語列中的間接方式：以預告和預祈為例

本文的目的在研究口語會話中一種特殊的結構，也就是預示語列，而探討的重點在於預示和預祈，所使用的是中文的對話語炓。因為預示語列具有間接的性質，所以我們嘗試將間接言語行為的理論架構用在預示語列的討論中，希望能對預示語列的結構特性有更深入的了解。同時，由於人們需要使用間接的方式講話多少都和禮貌有關，所以文中也有討論禮貌原則對於預示語列所可能造成的影響。研究的結果顯示預示語列中的間接方式和行使某行為所需要的先決條件有緊密的關係，這個現象和言語行為理論中的合適條件有所類似。此外，禮貌原則的應用和預示語列中的先決條件多寡也是密切相關，當行使某項行為的先決條件愈多，通常也就需要更多禮貌原則中的準則來解釋這些先決條件的必要性。

關鍵字

預示語列；預告；預祈；間接言語行為；禮貌原則

並列摘要

The purpose of the thesis is to analyze a special structure in the oral conversation. That is, pre-sequences. The focus of our discussion is pre-announcements and pre-requests, and the data is basically Mandarin Chinese. Owing to the fact that pre-sequences have the feature of indirectness, the theoretical structure of indirect speech acts (ISAs) is then used in the discussion of pre-sequences. The purpose is to have a better understanding of the structure of pre-sequences. In addition, because indirectness is closely related to politeness, the Politeness Principle (PP) is also taken into the discussion. The result shows that the indirectness in pre-sequences has a close relationship with the preconditions of executing certain action. The phenomenon is similar with the felicity conditions used in the speech act theory. Besides, the application of the PP is also connected to the numbers of preconditions. The reason is that the necessity of a precondition should be explained by the maxims of the PP.

並列關鍵字

pre-sequences ； pre-announcements ； pre-requests ； indirect speech acts ； politeness principle

參考文獻

Goffman, E., 1967. Interaction ritual: essays on face-to-face behavior. New York: Garden City.

Labov, W. & Fanshel, D., 1977. Therapeutic Discourse: Psychotherapy as Conversation. New York: Academic Press.

Leech, G. N., 1983. Principles of pragmatics. London: Longman.

Merritt, M., 1976. On questions following questions (in service encounters). Language in Society, 5.3, 315-57.

Schegloff, E.A. & Sacks, H., 1973. Opening up closings. Semiotica, 7, 289-327.

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預示語列中的間接方式：以預告和預祈為例

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