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  • 學位論文

賽先生來之前----晚清科學小說中的科學系譜

The Scientific Pedigrees within Science Fictions in Late-Qing Dynasty before 'Mr. Science' was introduced

指導教授 : 蔡英俊
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摘要


本文偏重文學史研究,還原晚清歷史語境下的「科學」實況,扣緊小說中明確表達「科學」意涵的相關標籤和詞彙為篩選標準,蒐集清末民初科學小說作品,製作〈清末民初科學小說編年目錄(1851-1919)〉,以做為晚清科學小說研究的學術土壤,編年目錄並細究出版日期中西紀年的轉換與翻譯小說的原本溯源。 其次,在編年目錄的基礎上,針對晚清科學小說出版的數量變化、著譯消長、小說體製、作者身分、刊載期刊和主題分布等特徵進行分析。提供客觀的數據為佐證,取代印象式的推測。總計收錄晚清科學小說創作小說93部,翻譯小說202部,數量上,1907年無論創作與翻譯都達到出版顛峰。傳統章回體是晚清科學小說翻譯最常見的體例,但是在標目形式上多所創新,語體選擇偏好淺近文言,並且由報刊編輯與譯者進行「導讀」式的評註。晚清科學小說作家幾乎都接受過新式教育,並擔任報社編輯工作,有資訊取得的優勢。小說主題受到時勢環境影響,以宣揚民族和政治的時代議題為大宗,如果細究「科學小說」做為標籤的文本,可以發現晚清小說家創作科學小說時是以傳播客觀科學知識為主要目的。 最後,提出從「科學想像」的論述視角去分析晚清科學小說,回歸晚清小說家的起心動念,利用象限分析法,以真實與幻想的思維性質做為橫軸,科學與玄學的構思材料做為縱軸的劃分下,將晚清科學想像區隔為四象限,分別是:第一象限「科普想像」,第二象限「哲理想像」,第三象限「翻新想像」和第四象限「神怪想像」。同時根據晚清科學小說理論,對照相應的文本證據,顯示晚清科學小說有取法西方的借鑒,也有來自傳統文化的淵源。以「科學想像」切入分析晚清科學小說,根本地回歸創作初衷,凸顯傳統文化慣性的主導關鍵,說明了晚清歷經多次科學啟蒙運動何以未達預期,對於日後中國科幻小說「模式化」的創作表徵,也找到了解釋的突破口。藉由建構晚清科學小說的科學系譜做為新的論述起點,期望開拓中國傳統科幻體系的研究領域。

並列摘要


This study lays stress on the research of literature history. It surveys the Science Fictions in Late Qing-Dynasty and Early Republic of China, which were definitely highlighted by ‘Science’ as keyword and resource, to build up the chronicle contents; then analyzes their publication amounts, writing styles, identities of the authors, magazines issued on, and topics. Statistics are showed as objective data. In total, 93 original and 202 translation novels in late Qing are included in the research. Chinese Traditional Chaptered Body was still the most common style. Most of their authors had received the newly education and worked in the press. The topics were mainly on the racial and political issues of the time to promote the scientific knowledge. Viewed from the ‘scientific imagination’ as the motive of their authors, the Science Fictions in late Qing could be located in four different quadrants : the first is " popular science ", second is " philosophic thinking ", third is " renovation ",and the last is " fantastic imagination ". They were resourced from both the Western thoughts and Chinese traditions. The Scientific Pedigrees within Chinese Science Fictions are hopefully constructed as conclusion.

參考文獻


王爾敏,1977,《中國近代思想史論》,臺北:華世
金觀濤、劉青峰,2004.12,〈從「格物致知」到「科學」、「生產力」:知識體系和文化關係的思想史研究〉,《中央研究院近代史研究所集刊》第46期,頁
劉永文 編撰,2008,《晚清小說目錄》,上海:上海古籍。
陳明哲,2006,《凡爾納科幻小說中譯本研究:以《地底旅行》為例》,臺灣師
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被引用紀錄


賴佩暄(2017)。盛世危/微言:中國當代長篇小說歷史敘事研究(2000-2015)〔博士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342%2fNTU201702349

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