物理式海水淡化

目前主流海水淡化技術有逆滲透法與多級閃化蒸餾法，這兩大主流有耗材與能源成本的負擔。他們的過濾或蒸餾的過程，阻礙流量、增加材料與能源的耗損。不容易大量低成本生產製造。我們的物理式海水淡化，不過濾或阻斷水流，只改變離子的分佈，故而可以做出沒有耗材問題、低耗能與容易大流量製造的高價值海水淡化技術。藉由電場可以穿透介電材料的特性，我們使用介電材料將電極與海水隔絕，但電場依然可以穿透介電材料來移動離子、改變離子的分佈。如此可以不使用DC直流電流即可來移動離子，避免耗材污染、阻塞，達到低耗材、高流量的目的。只需在電場規範的低離子濃度小區域操作引取淡水，達到低耗能、低耗材的目的。我們嘗試使用三種方法進行物理式海水淡化:DC、ACDC 與高頻不對稱偏壓方法。DC方法將家用電110V 變壓成10-30KV AC高壓後，再整流成直流偏壓輸入。ACDC方法，將10V，300KHz訊號產生器訊號，經過741OP放大器、Push- Pull電晶體對，以放大電流，再經鐵粉心變壓器放大電壓，半波整流，達到將2KV高壓電以26KHz共震頻率形態或加整流後以脈衝方式輸入。前兩種低頻方法，由於淡化槽電容低，高電容性阻抗的關係，淡化影響只在淡化槽電極附近。第三種高頻不對稱偏壓方法，使用任意波形產生器，設計15-5 MHz不對稱電壓、空氣蕊心變壓器、半波整流器，形成不對稱直流偏壓與交流共振電壓，以移動淡化槽電極表面與鹽液內部離子。以上三種方法的效應可歸納為吸引模式與排斥模式。目前在單程20公分長的實驗淡化槽的淡化率為0.4%。藉由單程淡化率再提高與多程式製程，我們將可製造出可與現有淡化技術競爭的物理式海水淡化製程。藉由沒有耗材負擔、低耗能與高流量的優勢，將可贡獻於協助旱地復耕、沙漠復耕等農業運用，協助減緩地球暖化。在運用方面，物理式海水淡化提供水源與可見光反光片相結合，運用於農業的旱地復耕、沙漠復耕。例如用回收鋁箔披護上熔融的回收透明寶特瓶材料，以避免鋁箔氧化，此鋁箔反光片可以協助為地面降溫、為土壤保溼。以 50%遮光率，復耕面積達到0.17倍的地表面積時，地表溫度可以降低 0.6 0C，回復工業革命前地表平衡溫度。並且復耕植物每年吸收、固化的二氧化碳，是人為製造的二氧化碳的兩倍。這是目前最安全、最低成本的地球工程方法，以協助為地球降溫。關鍵字: 海水淡化、溫室效應

關鍵字

海水淡化；溫室效應

並列摘要

ABSTRACT Physical Desalination Hou Tzon-Kun, Advisors:Prof. Shy Jow-Tsong, Hong Tzay-Ming Doctor of Philosophy in Physics National Tsing Hua University, Hsin-Chu City, Taiwan Current main desalination technologies include Reverse Osmosis and Multi Stage Flash Distillation. Both are operated by filtering or heating sea water under consumable materials and power loss. They suffer the weakness of blocking or stopping the main flow which leads to operation speed reduction, parts contamination and energy loading. Our method, Physical Desalination, avoids blocking or stopping the main flow of sea water, and redistributes ions distribution and extracts purified water in low ions zone which enables the changes to get higher operation throughput and less parts contamination and low energy loading. We use electric field protected by dielectric film on electro plates to replace DC current which always causes filter contamination and consumable loss. Our electric filed can penetrate the dielectric film, move ions and change ions distribution. Without DC current related contamination we can avoid consumables loss and high throughput. By operating only in small area confined by the designed electric field we provide low operation energy and low consumables desalination_ high value desalination technologies. Three approaches are utilized to remove ions from sea water: DC, ACDC and high frequency asymmetry AC. In the DC and ACDC approaches, desalination effects are limited to zones near electric plates from the high capacitor impedance in the interior region of desalination cell. For the high frequency AC approach, 15-5 Mega Hz asymmetry voltages were applied, to overcome the high capacitor impedance of desalination cell. This high frequency asymmetry voltage move inner ions in cell to the regulated high voltage edge plates and change ions distribution for purification. All these three approaches can be classified into ions attraction mode and rejection mode. So far we manage to achieve a desalinate rate in the range of 0.4 %, under single pass in 20cm process unit length. With higher rate improvement and combined by multi-stages operation, we are able to approach commercial desalination effects with particularly no consumable filter loss issues, low energy and high throughput operation. In the application to agriculture, combined with visible light reflection white plate, such as recycle alumina foils, we can preserve the rehabilitation moisture in soil. As rehabilitation area gradually extends to 0.17 times of the area of our Earth surface, the reflection energy by visible light will reduce the Earth balance surface temperature by 0.6 oC to the temperature level before Industrial Revolution. At the same time the plants on the rehabilitation area can annually absorb CO2 to two times of human annual CO2 emission. We project the cost can be easily and automatically covered by the landlords in their necessary rehabilitation activities. These approaches therefore provide the safest and cheapest Earth engineering. Key Words: Desalination、Greenhouse

並列關鍵字

Desalination ； Greenhouse

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國際替代計量

物理式海水淡化

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