市民社會的公共領域概念,乃建立於資訊開放的基礎之上,具有鼓勵創新、創意行為,以及提供公共論辯素材、促進民主政治等兩大功能。然而,有別於市民社會仰賴公開自由近用維繫民主制度與創新的共同價值,原住民族社會是透過身份認同等內部社會規範,對資訊近用與利用方式進行高度限制;藉由持續不斷地敘述傳統,建立當代社群和過去歷史的聯繫,確保社會的穩定延續。 基於公共領域的形成與內涵,乃由社會內部共同價值所決定,逕自將市民社會公共領域的定義與智慧財產權利系統適用於原住民社群之上,確實可能產生適用障礙。為避免破壞原住民族財產權等社會結構之完整性,有必要思考建立原住民族社會公共領域定義之可能性。 本文以社群資源管理使用、內部規範形成與社群價值實踐三者間關係為主要研究對象。採用學者Johanna Gibson提出的「社群資源」理論為基礎,就社群與資源之定義與關係進行論述。另輔以法國葡萄酒釀造產業與內門辦桌產業的內部知識交換管理利用機制,作為在地實證研究案例,盼能有助於我國建立與發展在地化公共領域之概念。
The concept of public domain in civil society is built upon the free access to information, so as to encourage creativity and innovation, and to provide materials for public debate. However, unlike the civil society depending on free access to sustain communal values such as democracy and innovation, the indigenous societies tend to use constant narrative of traditions to connect contemporary society and its history, as well as to make sure a society stable and sustainable. Hence, the indigenous societies utilize social norms to impose restraints on information, e.g. identity and blood bonds. Concerning that the public domain is developed by the communal values of its surrounding society, to impose the concept of public domain and the intellectual property system developed under civil society directly and compulsorily on indigenous society may encounter certain difficulties. In order not to affect the integrity in indigenous society, e.g. regulations on property, it is necessary to construct a new definition of public domain for the indigenous people. Founded on the Community Resources theory raised by Prof. Johanna Gibson, this thesis aims to make an analysis on the relations among the community resources, social norms and communal values. Meanwhile, the examination of the regulatory mechanisms in French wine industry and Neimen’s catering industry verifies the above analysis and evidences the necessity of local public domain.
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