非洲逆寫：當代非洲作家如何重塑歐洲中心主義

以英文為寫作語言的文學傳統一直是以歐洲知識傳統為主。有些作品蘊含的歐洲中心主義往往將非歐洲主體視為“他者”，作為西方的反面去看待。因此，現代非洲文學若要發展，是無法忽視過去西方透過歐洲中心觀點下對非洲文化的論述。本論文探討歐洲中心主義的複雜性，以及現代非洲作家奇努阿・阿契貝在後殖民論述中所建立的非洲主體性。現代非洲作家在殖民者與被殖民者之間的辯證上撰寫小說和批判性文章。對他們來說，文化解殖不是建立在反殖民論述上，而是重塑歐洲中心主義，並且重新建立後殖民論述中的主體身份。阿契貝所著的《分崩離析》與《紛擾不息》是非洲逆寫的先驅。「逆寫」除了要回應主流文學傳統中針對非洲文化的描繪，也反思了自身在論述中的主體性。

關鍵字

奇努阿・阿契貝；恩古吉・瓦・提昂戈；歐洲中心主義；解殖；主體性；國族主義；《分崩離析》；《黑暗之心》

並列摘要

In the literature of English language, the literary tradition has been dominated by the European intellectual tradition. In some literary works, the concept of Eurocentrism tends to posit the non-European subjects as the Other, as everything that the West is not. Therefore, the modern African literature cannot ignore the Western literary tradition that relates to Africa with a Eurocentric point of view. This thesis explores the complexity of Eurocentrism and how the modern African writer Chinua Achebe engages in the assertion of African subjectivity in the postcolonial discourse. The African writer writes novels and critical essays on topics that explore the dialectics between colonizer and colonized. The cultural decolonization does not build on the anti-colonial resistance but on the reverse of Eurocentrism and the re-establishment of the identities in the post-colonial discourses. Achebe’s Things Fall Apart and No Longer at Ease are the pioneer of how Africa writes back. To “write back” is a way of response to the problematic discourses in mainstream literary tradition, so as to rethink the subjectivity in the discourse.

並列關鍵字

Chinua Achebe ； Ngugi wa Thiong’o ； Eurocentrism ； decolonization ； subjectivity ； nationalism ； Things Fall Apart ； Heart of Darkness

參考文獻

AbdelRahman, Fadwa. “Said and Achebe: Writers at the Crossroads of Culture.” Alif: Journal of Comparative Poetics, No. 25.Edward Said and Critical Decolonization, (2005): 177-92. JSTOR. Web. 15 Jan. 2017.