近年來,由於都市地區地狹人稠,高層建築紛紛拔地而起,這些新建建築與既有建築常未保有足夠間距,導致地震時相鄰結構物可能產生碰撞,進而造成結構損傷。因此,若能利用結構損傷預測方法,並輔以系統識別技術,將能有效地辨識出兩棟結構物的損傷程度與位置,進而合理地提出補強策略。本研究探討相鄰結構系統損傷程度與位置預測,首先,介紹相鄰結構系統分析,包含運動方程式、時間域分析、系統識別與複數模態分析等四部分;接著,介紹結構損傷預測方法,包含損傷定位向量法與層間損傷指標法兩類;最後,提出數值算例,包含等高與非等高相鄰結構系統兩類,分別進行單一與複數樓層受損之程度和位置預測。結果顯示損傷定位向量法所得之加權應力指標可合理地預測損傷位置,但無法明確地量化損傷程度,此外,該指標在損傷程度輕微時,仍具有優異的敏感性。此外,層間損傷指標法所得之層間損傷指標可合理地預測損傷位置,且可明確地量化損傷程度,此外,該指標之精確性隨著損傷程度增加而遞增。
The impact of closely neighbouring building structures during earthquakes has become a problem in modern cities. Under these conditions, the accompanying damage affects both the structural stability and occupant safety. Consequently, it is necessary to reasonably predict the damage characteristics of adjacent structures. The objective of this study is to provide the algorithms for prediction of the location and degree of damage of adjacent building structures under seismic excitations. The computational procedure for an analytical model including the system model formulation, time domain analysis, system identification and complex modal analysis is presented for this purpose. Two algorithms, i.e., the damage locating vector method and story damage index method, are presented for damage detection. Numerical examples are also provided to illustrate the analytical model based on the mentioned two algorithms. The results show that the damage locating vector method can be used to only predict the damage location, but unable to detect its degree. In addition, the story damage index method can be used to reasonably predict both the location and degree of damage.