摘要
本論文嘗試解讀摩天大樓頂豐富的象徵意涵。首先可以理解摩天大樓的頂是人類建築高塔慾望的延續，在無限水平延伸的自然中，象徵人類垂直性的存在；塔的建造者並企圖經由塔頂通往天堂，同時藉由建築物保留在人間物質性的存在。 摩天大樓的頂同時也是企業力量的展現，在二十世紀初個人的成功與企業的成功同義，摩天大樓的頂成為企業主權力宣示的象徵場所，並藉由世界最高樓的追逐建立以自己為中心的世界座標。二次大戰後企業公司化的趨勢，尤其跨國經營的大企業，需要企業總部摩天大樓建立據點，摩天大樓頂的象徵特性成為企業形象與企業自我認同的象徵，而國家認同的問題無意間也成為注目焦點。摩天大樓的設計者，利用業主的品味，趁機在頂宣示自己的美學。就像歷史上偉大的建築師，總是以偉大的建築被後世紀念。建築師藉由摩天大樓巨大的尺度，建構建築生涯的紀念碑。而二十世紀末在全球化的潮流中，摩天大樓的頂則顯露個體文化象徵的潛力。 本論文的討論架構，主要分為三大部分。 第一部份探討摩天大樓的重要性與歷史意義。第一章導論，界定摩天大樓在現今都市中的角色，並討論摩天大樓的定義。接著在摩天大樓三段式構成的討論中，確立摩天大樓頂的象徵特性。第二章則回到摩天大樓歷史的根源，回顧摩天大樓的前身－塔在歷史上的發展與意義，以建立摩天大樓在建築史中的思考脈絡。 第二部分為本論文的主要論述，討論摩天大樓頂如何再現宗教、商業、政治、美學等社會意義。第三章從摩天大樓模仿舊有建築形式的現象，探討頂具有的宗教意涵。第四章從建造者的觀點，摩天大樓的頂成為展現企業力量的場所，並以之傳達企業的形象，形塑企業自我的認同；而經濟難脫政治的糾葛，摩天大樓的頂被賦予政治的意涵。第五章以設計者的觀點，頂是摩天大樓的設計者在實用原則與都市法令的規範下，發揮較多創作自由，讓建築師成為藝術家的地方。而大樓的設計者，也以設計個人紀念碑的心態，投入生命的熱情，宣示其自我美學的存在。 第三部份是結論。回歸建築文化的層面，觀照摩天大樓的頂作為文化象徵的潛力與面臨的問題，並總結本論文。
並列摘要
This dissertation tries to analyze the abundant symbolic meanings of Top of Skyscrapers. First, Top of Skyscrapers could be realized as the continuity of human’s desire of building tower. Besides the natural horizontal extension, it symbolizes the human beings’ existence of verticality. Tower builder even attempts further to reach heaven via the top of tower and to prove the human beings’ existenceby the existence of building. Moreover, Top of Skyscrapers is also seen as the place to show the power of a corporation. In the beginning of 20 century, the individual success equaled corporation success. Top of Skyscrapers has become the site for corporation to show sovereign rights and through the competition of being the highest to establish egocentric world. After Second World War, corporations were inclined to be systemized, especially the overseas enterprises, corporation headquarters were needed and built as skyscrapers. The top of skyscraper was so became the symbolic meaning of a corporation and the nation identity was inadvertently being the focus. The designer of skyscraper, following the taste of the proprietor, showed his aesthetics on the top. Like all the great architects in the past, they left a good reputation due to the great architectures they created. Architects constructed their own commemoration monument by the way of building skyscrapers. Nowadays, at the end of 20 century, the top of skyscraper reveals the potential of individual symbol. This dissertation contains three main parts The importance and historical meaning of skyscraper are the first part. In chapter one, this thesis distinguishes the role in the modern city and to discuss the definition of skyscraper. In addition, via the discussion of seeing the skyscraper in 3 levels, the symbolic meaning of skyscraper has set up. In chapter two, it traces back to the skyscraper’s historical origin and review the development and meaning of the predecessor of skyscraper – towel to establish the sequence of ideas of skyscraper in the history of architecture. The second part is the main theory in this dissertation. It illustrates how skyscraper performs the social meanings of religion, business, politics and aesthetics. In chapter three, regarding the phenomenon that skyscraper imitates old building, the thesis probes into the religious meaning of towel. In chapter four, from the builder’s point of view, the top of skyscraper is seen as the place to show the power of a corporation and to deliver the image of a corporation. At the same time, politics could not be excluded from economic subjects, so the top of skyscraper is also endowed with political meaning. In chapter five, from the designer’s point of view, he could have more liberty for creation under the concerns of function and regulation, and it’s the place to let an architect to be an artist. The designer of skyscraper puts his passion to express individual aesthetic existence. The conclusion, part three, looks back the culture of architecture to view the skyscraper’s potential of being the cultural symbolic meaning and possible difficulties.
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