台北咖啡館：一個（文藝）公共領域之崛起、發展與轉化（1930s-1970s）

The Coffee Shop in Taipei: The Rise, Change and Transformation of Literary Public Sphere( from 1930s to 1970s)

沈孟穎(Shen-Meng Ying)

指導教授 ： 陳其澎

中原大學/設計學院/室內設計研究所/碩士(2002年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200200033

摘要

本研究的研究角度，乃是闡述台北咖啡館在台灣文藝公共領域崛起、發展、轉化的過程中所扮演之歷史角色，及其文化意涵與空間形式之特殊性又如何影響文藝公共領域的形構與演變。理論架構是以哈伯瑪斯的公共領域觀點出發，著重討論台北咖啡館與文藝公共領域的關聯，並且運用身體感官經驗的描述與咖啡館空間情境之描寫，強化對咖啡館所代表的文化意涵與空間形式的探討。
既以討論文藝公共領域為題旨，在研究方法上則採取文本分析法，蒐集大量描述真實/虛構咖啡館的相關文本為分析資料，再佐以史料相互對照，以此定位台北咖啡館於消費文化的歷史角色。另外，將研究的時間軸鎖定在1930-1970年代間（1930s-1970s）的時空背景之下，以社會政經結構之轉變作為分期之標準，分別為日本殖民末期（1930-1949）、光復初期（1949-1960）和經濟發展期（1960-1970’S）。分期討論其中：(1).文藝公共領域的特質與運作方式 (2). 咖啡館中文藝公共領域呈現之身體經驗與空間情境 (3).咖啡館裡文人認同之轉向，包含女性在咖啡館裡隱身到現身的位置轉換。

本研究的結論可歸納為三個向度：
(1).無論1930s-1970s咖啡館的空間型態如何轉變，總是牽動著文人的思緒與情懷，並且藉由咖啡館作為論述發聲的舞台，其中亦隱藏著身份認同與性別認同之問題。
(2).咖啡館在文化階級心目中的角色及其與文藝公共領域之關係－咖啡館是文學或是藝術領域處於各種新興思潮交雜之鬥爭場域，亦是呈現對現代性的追求與爭辯的場域。
(3).咖啡館之身體經驗與空間情境，縱使隨著社會、政治、經濟、文化的變遷，不斷轉化變形，但呈現於文學中的形象仍以最前衛、現代的象徵，深刻的影響著普羅大眾之生活方式與文化想像。

關鍵字

咖啡館 ； 身體經驗 ； 公共領域 ； 文學公共領域

並列摘要

This study explicates, in the process of the rise, development, and transformation of Taiwanese literary public sphere, the historical role played by the coffee shop in Taipei. Also, it finds that how the coffee shop’s specialties of cultural meanings and spatial patterns affect the formation and transformation of literary public sphere. The framework of this study starts from Habermas’s viewpoints of public sphere, and focuses itself on discussing the correlation between Taipei’s coffee shops and literary public sphere. Moreover, it strengthens to explore the cultural meanings and spatial patters of the coffee shop by describing body experience and spatial setting.
Aiming to discuss literary public sphere, this study applies “Text Analysis Method” and collects lots of texts revealing virtual/fictional coffee shops as analysis data. Furthermore, it sets up the historical role of Taipei’s coffee shops in consumer culture by cross-referencing the historical archives. In addition, the time domain of research background, focused from 30s to 70s, is divided by the changes of social, political, and economical structures into late Japanese colonial periods (1930-1949), early retrocession periods (1949-1960), and economical development periods (1960-1970s) respectively. In between the 3 phases, this study discusses: (1) the specification and operation of literary public sphere. (2) The body experience and spatial setting of literary public sphere in the coffee shop. (3) The transformation of the litterateur’s identification in the coffee shop, including female status changing, from disappearance to presence.
This study concludes in 3 dimensions:
1. No matter how the spatial setting of the coffee shop changes, from 30s to 70s, it always influences the litterateur’s thoughts and emotions. Besides, it also conceals the issues of self and genders identities by staging the coffee shop as a discourse role.
2. The coffee shop plays certain role in the cultural level and relates with literary public sphere. Whether literary or art related, it’s situated in the struggle filed of various new thoughts, and the field for pursuing and arguing modernism.
3. The body experience and spatial setting in the coffee shop, though transform continually as social, political, economical and cultural conditions change, still characterize as the most avant-garde and modern image in literature, and therefore influence thoroughly the people’s ways of living and cultural imagination.

並列關鍵字

body experience ； public sphere ； literary public sphere ； coffee shop

參考文獻

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