以XML為基礎的軟體需求文件應用於系統開發

An XML-Based Software Requirement Document for System Development

羅國銘(Ku-Ming Lo)

指導教授 ： 戚玉樑

中原大學/商學院/資訊管理研究所/碩士(2002年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200200579

摘要

本研究有鑒於企業資訊系統常因商業規則變更，而導致資訊系統無法使用，因此提出了將商業規則抽離自資訊系統的觀念。基於上述動機，本研究將從軟體需求工程研究中的軟體需求文件進行改良，其主要的工作便是利用XML作為描述軟體需求文件的語言，以期藉由XML語言的機器可讀性(Machine Readable)，讓資訊系統能夠讀取這份包含商業規則的軟體需求文件，進而到商業規則與資訊系統分離的目的。此法不僅改變以往軟體需求文件僅作為人類閱讀的限制，取而代之的是讓軟體需求文件成為系統運作的一部份。
以XML用來描述軟體需求文件的發展過程可分成四個階段探討:需求分析階段、需求文件設計階段、程式設計階段以及系統維護階段。在「需求分析階段」主要是以XML作為描述需求規格的語言，分析師於系統開發初期，可先行至本研究建立的「XML軟體需求規格儲存庫」中尋找已發展完成之需求規格當作新規格的一部份；在「需求文件設計階段」主要是將上一個階段所產生的XML文件加以彙整成一份XML-Based軟體需求文件；在「程式設計階段」主要的工作是讓程式具有讀取軟體需求文件並執行的能力，以期讓軟體需求文件成為系統運作的資料來源；在「系統維護階段」主要的工作不再是修改系統內部之程式碼，取而代之的是藉由修改XML-Based軟體需求文件來達到系統的更新。
在研究的過程中吾人發現以XML作為軟體需求文件描述語言之優點及可行性，並提出了所謂的「以XML為基礎的軟體需求文件應用於系統開發」來達成研究之目的。目前主要的成果包含有：藉由XML來達到商業邏輯與程式邏輯的分離、藉由XML軟體需求規格儲存庫的建立以達到需求規格再利用、藉由XML技術的引入以加速系統的整合、藉由XML之應用以整合開發過程中所產生的文件以及分散式維護資訊系統等成果。在未來的研究中除了繼續擴充「XML軟體需求規格儲存庫」之功能外尚可將此開發方式軟體化以加速系統的開發。

關鍵字

商業規則 ； 需求規格 ； 軟體需求文件 ； 系統開發 ； XML

並列摘要

Seeing that the business information system isn’t enough to be used because of the change of business rules, this study is to bring up the concept dividing business rule and system logic. In view of the above-mentioned motivation, this study plans to improve the software requirement document in software engineering. The main work is to use XML as the language of describing the software requirement document and expects the information system enable to read the software requirement including business rules by the machine readable function of XML to reach the purpose of dividing business rules and the information system. The method change the limit that the software requirement documents only can be read by people. In other words, we let the software requirement document be one part of the system operations.
The evolution process of XML –Based software requirement specifications for system development can be divided into four stages : Requirement Analysis, Requirement Document Design , Programming Design and System Maintenance. In Requirement Analysis phase, XML is used as the language for analysis.Consequently when sysem analysts write the requirement spec.,they can seek for the finished requirement specifications in the XML-Based software requirement spec. repository. In Requirement Document Design phase, the main work is to get together XML documents from the first phase and describe as the human-machine readable XML-Based software requirement documents. In Programming Design phase, the main work is to make program can read software requirement documents and implement dynamically. In System Maintenance phase, the main work is to update the system by altering software requirement documents to substitute for modifying the internal code.
In research process , we discover the advantages and feasible ways of using XML as the language for the software requirement documents and bring up the “XML-Based Software Requirement Document for System Development”. At present the main achievements include :
Dividing business rules and program logic by xml language、Shorten the requirement analytic time by using XML-Based Software Requirement Spec. Repository、Speed up the system integration by import the techology of XML、Integrate the documents producing in development process by xml lanuage. In future study, besides establishing a complete and standard software requirement spec. repository, we alse can turn the developmental way into software to accelerate the system development.

並列關鍵字

XML ； Requirement spec. ； Software Requirement Document ； Business Logic ； System Development

參考文獻

[9]. R.S.Pressman., “Software Engineering –A Practitioner Approach,” 3rd edition, McGraw-Hill,1992

[10].Roger S. Pressman , “Software Engineering: A Practitioner's Approach”,2001

[15].Ash Rofail & Tony Martin , “Building N-Tier Applications with COM and Visual Basic6.0” , John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

[23].J.Suzuki and Y. Yamamoto. “Managing the software design documents with xml”,In ACM SIGDOC’98, Canada, September 1998.

[24].David Mundie,“Using XML for Software Process Documents”