傳統灰作基本操作與應用之研究

The Work Methods And Applications In Traditional Lime Work

莊敏信(Ming-Hsin Chuang)

指導教授 ： 薛琴

中原大學/設計學院/建築研究所/碩士(2003年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200300729

摘要

古建築、古蹟的修復總有灰作材料的操作與運用，前人所遺留下來的環境材料以智慧與技術，在人類住的需求上塑立不可缺乏的建材。『灰作材料』，從基礎、地面、壁體、屋面等凡粘結、裝飾均運用「灰」來使用，遂有「一灰用到底」之說法，灰不僅在建築方面的使用更有相當多的用途需要它，如何妥善運用在建築體，是本研究最主要的宗旨與目標。本論文的基礎由（1）材料的來源類別與操作的工具（2）灰作材料拌合的要領及相關的施作需求（3）灰作材料相關的問題（4）本研究能為灰作材料未來操作的準則與要領做開端的基礎。
本論文分五章作論述，其章節與內容如下：
第一章 緒論
本研究的動機與目的，相關文獻的回顧及研究方法。

第二章 灰作材料與工具之探討
主要論述材料與工具，因灰作材料主要材料以灰為主，而以目前使用的種類及其加工製造的過程和分類，並將相關的拌合材料分類述說，後說明灰作材料在拌合過程中所演變的材料種類。由於灰作材料的拌合與操作需要各種形式的使用工具，本章節中亦將泥匠與泥塑所使用的一般工具與特殊工具分類說明。

第三章 傳統灰作操作要領
灰作材料最主要的過程在於拌合與操作，本章節以各使用類別所需之灰作材料在拌合要領與操作技巧做解析，引述於各使用位置，並將各類配比以實務經驗及研究實驗所得之理想配比、數據分述於各小節。

第四章 古蹟修復灰作課題之探討
以目前古蹟修復中所遇到的問題如破壞因素，修復中含蓋的種種困難，暨未來在灰作材料的技術與保存，未來工匠的培育等提出說明與建議。

第五章 結論
提出本論文的結論與未來研究的課題建議。

關鍵字

灰作 ； 古蹟 ； 拌合 ； 粘結

並列摘要

The construction and application of lime work is often found required in the restoration of ancient Chinese architecture and old relic buildings. Our ancestors, with centuries of experience and knowledge in that skill, had left us a construction material which was prevailingly used in satisfying the need to construct a living shelter in the past. Lime material was used in construction such as building foundation, floor, wall and roof structure in the past. It was used both in structural bonding and decorative finishing. Lime material has also other applications in many other aspects of our lives besides building construction. A focus study of how to correctly apply lime material in building construction work is the primary goal of this research.
The presentation of this paper will include subjects such as（1）Study of different origins of lime material and work tools. （2）The methods of lime mixing and its work requirements.（3）Related problem studies in lime mixing material.（4）General application of this study as a basic criteria in the future use of lime work material in the building construction.
The study subjects are discussed in the following five chapters：
ChapterⅠ preface
The initiative and purpose of conducting this study research.
ChapterⅡ A study of lime work material and different work tools.
The chapter mainly discusses the subjects regarding the lime work material and application tools. Lime work material uses lime as its main ingredient. Different types of products will be categorized and characterized by different ways of mixing process with different admixtures for different work purposes. Various Work tools are also studied as they are required in both mixing and application processes. The chapter also discusses the common and specialized tools used by different applicators such as structure workers and decorative finishing craftsmen.
ChapterⅢ Traditional lime work construction and key methods of work.
The producing of lime work material is basically categorized by the ways of its mixing process for different application purposes. The chapter analyzes different types of lime work material by the ways of their mixing process and admixtures added for different uses. We also include the data information of different mixing proportions as a result of experiment and experience, for making lime work products in various areas of application during the restoration process.
ChapterⅣ Study of lime work application in the restoration of old buildings.
The chapter discusses the prevailing problems come across during the application of lime work in the building restoration processes. We also proposes solutions for the preservation of the knowledge and skills in producing lime work material and how to ensure future training education for good workmanship.
ChapterⅤ Summary
The chapter summarizes the conclusions found in the studies and make suggestions for possible future studies of the same subject.

並列關鍵字

Relic building ； Lime work ； Bonding ； Mixing

參考文獻

1984，《少年百科全書第六冊》，幼獅文化事業股份有限公司

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