刑法危險概念的思考研究

The Study of The Concept of Danger in Criminal Law

林建宏(Jian-Hung Lin)

指導教授 ： 李聖傑

中原大學/商學院/財經法律研究所/碩士(2004年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200400091

摘要

摘 要
隨著科學技術之進步，無論在交通道路、環境保護、經濟犯罪等各方面，立法者常以「危險犯」之立法模式，提前發動刑罰權，截堵行為人之行為對於社會秩序造成嚴重損害，然以該種立法模式處罰行為人，卻也造成實害結果尚未發生，行為人必需對於其行為所引起危險負其責任，並不符合罪責原則，如何對於危險犯之犯罪類型作最妥適之規範，為本文研究之重心。

本文共分為六章，第一章為緒論，提出問題之所在、說明研究方法、研究範圍及架構、研究目的及貢獻。

第二章從危險概念之內涵與理論之開展，說明危險理論之進展、主觀危險理論、客觀危險理論之基礎及其如何作判斷，危險概念所導出犯罪類型，並說明行為犯與危險犯間之關係，在我國如何加以運用。

第三章危險犯建構之正當性，除了討論行為人之行為內涵究竟在刑法上應作如何之評價，最符合法制建構之目的，不論是論以行政不法行為或刑事不法行為，只要能達到防衛社會之目的，即為最妥當之制裁模式，除了應考量公法上之比例原則外，對於法制建構在維護社會秩序之目的上是否能真正達到其存在之價值，才是將行為入罪化之核心問題，建構危險犯才具有其正當性。

第四章危險概念在實務上之運用，立法者對於危險概念如不能建立周全的法制規範，執法者又不能忠實呈現立法者之真義時，常會造成實務上操作之困難，在本章提出二個實務上判決之衝突，造成對被告突襲性之裁判。另亦提出特別刑法中之立法缺失，作為檢討。

第五章中德刑法公共危險罪章比較研究，除了以上各章檢討危險概念外，本章以德國刑法規定，研究其內涵，並與我國刑法規定作一相互比較，希望能藉此比較得出研究心得作為我國刑法修正之參考。

第六章總論。本文除了將問題提出檢討外，從理論基礎、法制建構之周全性及正當性、實務運作之合理性及德國現行法制運作情形一一作檢驗，並在本章提出自己之研究心得，以作為將來解決刑法危險犯問題之參考。

關鍵字

行為犯 ； 危險犯 ； 危險概念

並列摘要

Abstract
Following by the continuous progress of modern science, lawmakers often initiate the penal right in advance in the name of danger crime legislating tendency. And that is for preventing civilians’ act against road traffic, environment protection, economic stability and more from severe damage to the social order. Nevertheless, penalty under such legislation is likely to result in false condemnation for civilians’ delinquency. The heart of this study is set to sort out the types of crime committed by danger crime and to find out the most valid way to rule.

The whole writing contains six chapters. The beginning is the Preface, in which questions are pointed out and studying approach, extent, scheme are illustrated.

Starting with the essence and theory of danger concept, in chapter 2 the development of the concept, the root of the subjective and objective danger concept, and the comparison between the twos are elaborated. The types of crime led by danger concept, the relation between conduct crime and danger crime, and how to make the concept works in our country are also explicated.

In chapter 3, the legitimacy of constructing danger crime is discussed. The main issue is how to judicially judge the intent of civilians’ conduct so to fit the purpose of jurisprudence system. The proper vindicatory mode is the one that serves to protect the society from any illegal act, administratively or judicially. In addition to take the measuring principle of the public law under consideration, the essential problem of imputative is to prove the value of the existence of jurisprudence for securing the social order, so that the move on constructing danger crime can reach its legitimacy.

In chapter 4, the practice of danger concept is focused. Whether the fact that lawmakers and law executors fail to establish distributive jurisprudence or that law executors fail to follow the spirit of the law can often barricade the operation of the law. The contradiction and conflict cited from two actual verdicts, which jeopardizes defendants in the seemingly cases, are presented. Accordingly, the defects during the process of making the criminal law are as well laid out to be discussed.

In chapter 5, by exploring the core of public danger crime in Germany, the comparisons between the regulations of German criminal law and those of ours provide the research results for modifying the present criminal law.

In the last chapter, summing-up, besides examining the questions, the foundation of the theory, the distribution and validity of the jurisprudence, the rationality of the performance and the contemporary operation in Germany are inspected. Above all, the studying feedback are together brought out in order to provide reference for solving problems about danger crime in the future.

並列關鍵字

danger concept ； danger crime ； conduct crime

參考文獻

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