蓋印作業持印握法之研究

The Study of Hand Grips for Repetitive Stamping

陳卿福(Ching-fu Chen)

指導教授 ： 林久翔

中原大學/工學院/工業工程研究所/碩士(2004年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200400489

摘要

因工作環境不良或姿勢不當所引起的累積性傷害(cumulative trauma disorders，簡稱CTD)或重覆性傷害(repetitive trauma disorders)不僅在工業界中為常見的職業災害，在行政部門中亦有可能發生。在行政部門諸多作業中的蓋章動作因牽涉到施力、重覆與手腕動作等因素，故為一潛在的危險因子(potential risk factors)之一。
本研究主要探討蓋章時手部的握法與桌上的墊物對工作者手部疲勞的影響。研究方法是利用主觀評量法，探究受測者的心理感受並實際量取蓋章時的施力，以分析何種工作環境下為最佳的狀況。
實驗結果顯示：握法對施力與主觀疲勞有顯著的影響。力握施力較大，但佔最大自主施力比率較小，而三指捏握雖施力較小，但佔最大自主施力比率較大，故受測者較偏好力握；桌上墊物對施力的影響，經變異數分析後並無顯著影響，但受測者在實驗結果後偏好報紙做為桌上的墊物，因為在”蓋章清楚”此條件要求下，毛巾似乎太軟不利於作業，此結果與一般人的刻板印象略有不同。
由結果可知，受測者的主觀印象與施力值顯示：蓋章時力握與墊報紙是較佳的組合因子，但在連續作業下，若得不到充分的休息此動作為一潛在的危險因子。故建議以機器代替此一重覆又單純的工作，或重新改造工作流程，以簡化人工。

關鍵字

重覆性傷害 ； 累積性傷害 ； 潛在危險因子

並列摘要

Work-related cumulative trauma disorders(CTD) or repetitive trauma disorders caused by inappropriate work space or postures occur not only in industry, but also in administrative sectors. Sustained stamping involving force exertion, repetitive action, and dynamic wrist movement is one of the administrative sectors’ activities which might be considered as potential risk factors.
The aim of this study is to investigate and compare two methods of hand grips holding “stamp chop” and three different types of cushions placed on the table. Experiments were performed to allow us to obtain physical measurements and subjective evaluations to determine which hand pattern and arrangement are suitable for workers.
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed and found that the methods of hand grips had significant effect on force exertions and subjective perception of hand fatigue. The subjects preferred the method of power grip because the force exertion took up smaller percentage of maximal voluntary exertion even though the force exertion was stronger during sustained stamping. The cushions placed on the table for damping didn’t affect the force exertion but subjects preferred choosing newspapers as damping cushion.
Based on the experimental results and subjective evaluations, the study showed that power grip and newspaper are a better combination when doing the stamping activity. But even with the above combination, stamping is still a potential risk factor when workers do not get proper and enough rest. The conclusion suggests: a mechanism should be used to replace the repetitive and simple activities or reengineer the process to reduce the risk associated with the activity.

並列關鍵字

Potential Risk Factor ； Cumulative Trauma/Repetitive Trauma Disorder

參考文獻

勞工安全衛生研究所，人因工程應用手冊，IOSH-84-T-002

勞工安全衛生研究所，台灣地區勞工人體計測資料庫，IOSH-86-H124

勞工安全衛生研究所，郵政主要作業人員疲勞及生理狀況評估之影響，IOSH-89-M144

Armstrong et al., 1982, Investigation of cumulative trauma disorders in a poultry process plant, American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, 43(2):103-116

Amstrong, T.J. and Chaffin, D.B., 1978, An investigation of the relationship between displacement of the finger and wrist joints and the extrinsic finger flexor tendons, Journal of Biomechanics, 12,567-70