從領域觀點探討特殊教育學校開放空間之研究—以國立桃園啟智學校為例

A Study on the Viewpoint of Territory about the Open Space of Special Education School ─ A Case Study on Tao-yuan Special School

謝憲一(Hsien-Yi Hsieh)

指導教授 ： 曾光宗

中原大學/設計學院/建築研究所/碩士(2004年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200400552

摘要

在啟智工作的人性化、本土化發展之下，使得特殊教育學校朝向小型、社區化的規劃方向思考。而不似一般學校具有的開放、共通等性質之特殊教育學校，在其學校形成過程中，無界定的開放空間顯然應扮演更重要的角色。事實上，開放空間強調的公開、公共特性，具有相當的象徵意義與指標性。常被作為今日討論開放教育與學校設計時，主要的標的與課題。由於它真實反映，隨著時間與地方的不同，校園生成之活動行為，所呈現的各種角色、型態與意義；以及相同地方在不同的時段，所呈現不同的任務與使用方式。因此，本研究欲藉由「領域」的概念，透過「使用者」與「空間」的關聯為基礎，作為探究身心障礙者需要「支持」的程度。

本研究目的在於解析學生在開放空間的活動與領域之間的關係，而能為未來特殊學校規劃發展上找到新的可能性。研究調查對象以國立桃園啟智學校為主，透過實地觀察、問卷及訪談，歸納出學生在開放空間活動的使用情形與影響領域形成的因素。亦希冀完成以下項目：

1. 瞭解學生在開放空間活動內容，並分類學生的活動類型，進而分析活動類型之進行方式和特徵。
2. 剖析活動類型之時間與空間關係。
3. 探討活動構成的距離與分佈，活動使用物件的方式與領域行為的關係，及活動構成的規則性，藉以了解活動構成與領域的關聯性。
4. 解析教師對空間的使用意識與領域之關係。
5. 綜合歸納分析活動與學生特質和領域之間的關係，並提出具體建議。

關鍵字

智能障礙 ； 領域 ； 活動類型 ； 開放空間 ； 特殊教育學校

並列摘要

Special education has been much humanized and localized, which caused special schools to be smaller and communitized. During the process of the formation of those special schools, which are very different from open and common normal schools, undefined open space should play a more important role. As a matter of fact, charaterized by being open and public, open space is very meaningful in being a symbol and a norm. Therefore, it has become a main topic in the discussion about open education and school design. Furthermore, open space truly reflects the different roles, modes and meanings of behaviors generated at schools in different places and ages, as well as different missions and usages of one place over different periods of time. Thus, this research, with the concept of “territory” as its focus, bases itself on the relation between “users” and “space”, so that the degree of support to those who are mentally retarded can be explored.

The goal of this research is to analyze the relation between the behavior of students in an open space and the territories in which their behavior takes place, in the hope that some new possibilities of the design and development of special schools can be found. Tao-yuan Special School is the object of this case study. By way of observations, questionnaires and interviews, the usages of open space and the factors which influence the formation of territories will be generalized. In addition, this paper would like to achieve the following goals:

1.To understand students’ behavior types in open space, to categorize those types, and to analyze the way in which the behavior is proceeded and the characteristics of it.

2.To analyze those behavior types’ relation with time and space.

3.To investigate the distances between and distribution of objects involved in activities, the relation between the ways in which those objects are used and activities in the territories, and regular patterns of those activities, so that the relation between activities and territories can be comprehended.

4.To analyze the relation between teachers’ awareness of using the space and the territories.

5.To generalize the relation among activities, students’ characteristics and territories, so that some concrete suggestions can be made.

並列關鍵字

Behavior type ； Mental retardation ； Territory ； Special school ； Open space

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