企業合作關係對外部知識移轉影響之研究

An Empirical Study on the Roles of Cooperative Relationship and External Knowledge Transfer

張方榮(Fang-Jung Chang)

指導教授 ： 謝龍發

中原大學/商學院/企業管理研究所/碩士(2004年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200400706

摘要

本研究以社會邏輯的觀點，探討企業在合作關係中是如何地進行知識移轉，並以實証方式研究企業間的合作關係、知識特性與外部知識移轉之間的關係。對於從73位製造業公司之產品開發部門管理者的回收資料之分析發現，信任與協調對知識取得具有顯著的正向影響，然而溝通對於知識取得並無明顯影響；溝通對於知識應用具有顯著的正向影響，然而信任與協調對知識應用並無明顯影響。知識特性對信任及協調在知識取得上有交互作用；然而在知識應用上則是沒有交互作用。研究結論特別指出，企業間的合作關係在外部知識的移轉關係中，扮演著關鍵的角色。根據相關之文獻探討與實證發現，本文除了提出未來研究方向的探索及啟發之外，同時提出管理實務之建議如下：
１、積極與合作夥伴建立誠信互利的關係，並經常性地透過正式及非正式的溝通方式。在企業承諾結盟之前，經理人有必要詳察對方的意願、誠意、資源、能力與過去表現，並應先透過較 小的專案進行合作來培養經驗。
２、建立跨組織合作團隊，依此途徑合作雙方之成員可藉由經常的互動，培養信任關係與溝通管道，再進一步輪調成員，可促進相互承諾與調適。
３、建立非正式的知識網路，由一群有共同目標、共同價值觀的專案成員組成，打破部門與組織間的障礙，將成員集合起來分享彼此的經驗與知識。如此一來，在裡面可以提供以及接受意見、解決問題、協調工作、激發新點子以及驗證知識。
４、開拓多樣化知識來源亦是管理當局應當特別關注的重要課題，管理者應意識到兩家企業間若有緊密連結關係，有時會忽略掉其他的合作學習機會，久而久之將陷入學習受限的瓶頸之中。知識特性會隨著時間的變化而有所不同，所以隨著合作時間的增加，當知識的內隱性降低，再過度投資關係資本的話，付出的成本會不及得到的知識。此時應尋求新的合作夥伴，使企業不斷學習。
５、在現今的商業環境下，向競爭廠商學習是越來越重要也越來越複雜的。企業必須了解伴隨夥伴的自利行為與知識外溢後將帶來的風險，所以應留意合作夥伴可能會有的叛離行為。該動作並非不信任夥伴，而是必要的自衛行為。管理者應當深入解讀夥伴的可能行為，並且察覺外在環境的變動，在合作中才能做出正確的決斷。

關鍵字

合作關係 ； 知識移轉 ； 知識特性

並列摘要

This study is aimed to investigate the relationship among cooperative relationship, knowledge characteristics and external knowledge transfer, in whereas we attempt to introduce sociological perspectives, while conducting empirical research as abiding evidence.
According to the analysis of data retrieved from a total sample of 73 managers from the R&D departments of the manufacturing industry, we found that trust and coordination are significantly positively related to knowledge acquirement, but has no significant impact on knowledge utilization. The study also found that knowledge characteristic and cooperative relationship have effects on knowledge acquirement, but no significant effects on knowledge utilization. The results indicate that cooperative relationship is the critical mediating variable in external knowledge transfer. Based on literature review and our empirical results, we think the findings are capable of providing some new directions or inspirations for future research, and offers recommendations and suggestions for actual management practices in respect of inter-firm learning, which is summarized as following:
1. The firms should establish interdependent relations with trust and which is mutual beneficial, and to coordinate benefits and solve problems through formal or informal communication frequently. Before forming alliances, managers should observe the future partners’ intention, willingness, resources, capability, as well as past performance, and conduct pilot cooperation with some cases as well.
2. Partner firms may form inter-organizational working teams; and thru this strategy the members of both firms can establish trust relationships and communication channels between each other by increased interaction. Furthermore, through job rotation of members, it may promote commitment to each other and leads to better adjustment.
3. Establish informal knowledge network, which should consist of project members with shared goals and values in order to break the limits and barriers caused by organizational factors, therefore capable of providing, accepting and testifying knowledge, solving problems, coordinate work, and to stimulate creativity within.
4. Expanding diverse sources of knowledge is an important issue. Managers should notice that strong connections between specific firms might possibly mislead a firm to under look opportunities to cooperate with other firms.
5. In the commercial circumstances nowadays, it is becoming increasingly important and complex to learn from competing firms. Firms must understand the risks accompanied by the self-interest behaviors of partners and through divulging knowledge, thus must keep an eye on possible betrayal conducts by the partner.

並列關鍵字

Knowledge Characteristic ； Cooperative Relationship ； Knowledge Transfer

參考文獻

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