論文摘要 本論文研究主題為「國防科技保密之法制」,透過比較法之方式,探討以「國家」為主體,基於國家安全之需要,所制定形成之國防科技保密法律系統。 本論文架構共分為七章。第一章為緒論,就本文之研究動機、目的、範圍與方法作一說明。國防科技保密問題,涉及政府必須以公權力介入科技研究,產生國家安全利益,與政府必須促進科技發展、維護個人權利之間的嚴重衝突,如何在法制上尋求平衡,具有法學探討上的重要價值與意義。 第二章說明國防科技保密需求之產生,隨著國防科技研發與技術移轉政策之發展,除了傳統上在研發過程需要保密外,在各國政府紛紛重視將國防科技技術移轉民間,以促進經濟與科技之發展,使國防科技保密法制日益重要。 第三章介紹世界各國國防科技保密法制之共通趨勢,透過比較法的方式,解析各國國防科技之保密法制,大致上可區分成國家機密保護、國內科學技術保密、國際科學技術保密、營業秘密等四個法律系統,構成完整之國防科技保密機制,以維護國家安全。 第四章深入介紹美國國防科技保密之政策與法制,解析美國對國防科技之保密法制,也是從國家機密保護、國內科學技術保密、國際科學技術保密、營業秘密等四個法律系統,構成「免疫式」的保密機制,其相關做法相當值得參考。 第五章就建立國防科技保密法制進行思考與問題探討,從美國政府執行科技保密之法制爭議,思考國家制定國防科技保密法制,如何在兩難困境中尋求平衡;同時針對科技保密客體進行探討,釐清國防科技保密制度中如何對保密客體定義之問題。 第六章則對我國國防科技保密法制進行檢討,並提出建議。從我國現行法制中,發現對於國防科技保密問題未受到重視,因此從短、中、長程階段提出建立我國國防科技保密法制之建議。 第七章為結論。
Abstract The main subject of this thesis is “The Legal System of Defense Technology Secrecy”. From the consideration of national security, different Secrecy Legal systems regarding defense technologies from several countries, including the United States, are compared and discussed. There are seven Chapters in this thesis. Chapter I is introduction and describes the motivation, objective, scope and methodology of this research. It also illustrates the importance of balancing between national security and private rights for the legal system of defense technology secrecy. Chapter II discusses that the needs for the secrecy legal system are from the trend that more and more countries have transferred the national defense related manufacturing and R&D activities from the government system to private sectors in order to accelerate the development of leading technologies and improvement of national economy. In Chapter III and IV, comparisons of the legal systems from different countries are illustrated and it is concluded that the general features of such system includes (1) protection of national security information, (2) protection of domestic technologies and sciences, (3) protection of international technologies and sciences, and (4) trade secret. The system of the United States is described in more details and its immune mechanism in its secrecy legal system shows its advantages. The controversy for the secrecy legal system in the United States is also illustrated and discussed in Chapter V. The advantages and disadvantages of such system are listed for seeking the balancing between national security and private rights. Chapter VI examines the current legislations and regulations of Taiwan and a preliminary legal scheme of Defense Technology Secrecy has proposed. Chapter VII concludes the study.