政府機關從事海空難事件救助經費分擔及求償之研究-以華航五二五空難為例-

A Study on Salvage Charges Distribution and Claim of Marine Casualty and Air crash from The Governmental Agency—Take China Airlines 525 Crash for Example—

黃惠民(Hui-Min Huang)

指導教授 ： 黃茂榮

中原大學/商學院/財經法律研究所/碩士(2005年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200500015

摘要

華航五二五空難事件救災工作時間較長，政府相關機關因投入龐大人力、裝備及經費，造成預算不足，於是請求交通部協助辦理求償或撥款歸墊事宜。各機關支出之經費業務主管機關是否要分擔，或者業務主管機關可否向當事人求償，無明確的規範，突顯了災害防救中，經費分擔及求償問題，遂引發筆者之研究動機，亦是本文主要之探討內容。
第一章緒論，主要就案例華航五二五空難事件作一事實及背景說明，以及研究動機與目的、研究範圍、研究方法為何，最後就本文架構作一簡單的敘述。
第二章事實及爭議，敘述國防部、農委會水產試驗所、行政院海岸巡防署、內政部等政府機關從事此次救助支用經費之情形，並敘述此次事件引起之爭議。
第三章海、空難之定義及海空難救助之法律概念、性質、種類，先就我國現行法規對海空難之定義作解釋。其次，本章重點在於探討海、空難救助的法律概念為何。由於空難救助的文獻資料不足，仍然以探討海難救助的法律概念為主，進而適用於發生於海上之空難。最後，再說明海難救助之性質、種類。
第四章現行我國海空難事件發生時救災之準據法規、組織及作業程序，先檢視我國現行海空難事件發生時相關的準據法規、組織及作業程序有哪些，本章主要係依我國災害救助相關法規作比較整理。
第五章我國政府機關從事海、空難事件政府救助經費分擔及求償的研究，先區分政府救災經費須自行負擔或可向事件當事人求償之界限。區分界線探討後，則分別探討如果應由政府負擔，則機關間應如何分擔，以及如果可向事件當事人求償，又應如何求償，本章將作詳細的說明。
第六章比較法之考察，將現行國際重要有關海空難救助公約予以介紹，空難部分尚未有國際上的公約可參考，但仍有國際民航組織通過的一些決議，有類似公約般的要求可參考。除國際公約外，還介紹美國、英國、德國、日本等主要國家的規定最為參考。最後與我國法規作一比較。
第七章我國海空難救助經費分擔及求償問題之規劃與結論，將就上述爭議，透過檢討本國法及參考外國法制後，具體的提出有關解決此一爭議的前瞻性規劃意見與結論。

關鍵字

海空難事件 ； 救助經費 ； 華航空難 ； 分擔及求償

並列摘要

Rescue efforts for the crash of a China Airline’s flight on May 25, 2002 required extended efforts, supplying of equipment and manpower as well as extensive funding by the administration and its related organs due to a long process of operation. The resulting budget insufficiency motivated the responsible party to request assistance from the Ministry of Transportations and Communications in the matters of distributing indemnity, appropriating funds and paying expenses. However, there are no definitive standards to regulate whether administrative organs should share the expense responsibilities of its subsidiaries, or whether the administrative organ can request parties involved for compensation of expenses. The difficulties regarding expense sharing and compensation requests that arise frequently with disaster prevention and rescue are the fundamental research motives of the author, and will be the main content of this paper.

Chapter 1 Introduction
This chapter focuses on a factual account and background description of the China Airlines disaster, which occurred on May 25th of 2002. It also explains the paper’s research motives and objectives, research scope and methods. Lastly a brief description of the paper’s structure will be discussed.

Chapter 2 Fact and Controversy
This chapter describes the expense-spending incurred as a result of the rescue efforts among the government agencies of the Ministry of National Defense, Fisheries Research Institute of the Council of Agriculture of the Executive Yuan, the Coast Guard Administration of Executive Yuan, and the Ministry of the Interior, as well as an account of the controversy caused by this event.

Chapter 3 Definition of Sea and Air Disasters and the Legal Concept, Nature and Classification of Sea/Air Disaster Search-and-Rescue
First of all, this chapter explains how Taiwan’s existing laws and regulations define sea/air disasters. Secondly, the key of this chapter is in understanding the legal concepts of sea/air disaster search-and-rescue. However, owing to insufficient records and information on air disaster relief, this section focuses on the legal concepts of sea disaster search-and-rescue, then applies them to air disaster that happen over the ocean. The end of this chapter, will illustrate again the nature and classification of sea disaster search-and-rescue.

Chapter 4 Taiwan’s Existing Standard Sea/Air Disaster Search-and-Rescue Laws and Organizations and Operation Procedures
Chapter 4 reviews Taiwan’s existing standard laws, organizations and operation procedures for sea/air disasters. This chapter makes a comparison and arrangement according to Taiwan’s related laws for disasters search-and-rescue.

Chapter 5 Study of Expense Sharing and Compensation for Taiwan Government Organs Engaged in Sea/Air Disasters Search-and Rescue
Chapter 5 will first determine the distinction between the government being required to bear rescue expenses itself for relief efforts and being able to request compensation from involved parties. Following this distinction, this section will provide a detailed description of how to share expenses inter-organizationally if the government needs to bear expenses itself, as well as how to request compensation from parties involved.

Chapter 6 Comparison and Investigation on Related Laws Internationally
In this chapter, the author introduces the existing and important international conventions related to sea/air disaster search-and-rescue. However, there are as of yet no international conventions for air disaster to refer to. There does exist however some resolutions approved by international civil aviation organizations that were provided with requirements similar to that of international convention, which can be used as reference. Besides international conventions, the author also introduces the regulations of the US, UK, Germany and Japan as reference. Lastly Taiwan’s related laws and regulations are compared with these international laws and conventions.

Chapter 7 Planning and Conclusion of Expense Sharing and Compensation Request
Problems in Taiwan’s Sea/Air Disaster Search-and-Rescue Expenses
In accordance with the abovementioned controversies, and after investigation into Taiwan’s laws and a comparison with foreign legal systems, the author concretely proposes a forward looking plan and conclusion aimed to resolve these difficulties.

並列關鍵字

Salvage Charges ； Air crash ； China Airlines 525 Crash ； Marine Casualty

參考文獻

20. 吳光平<海難救助準據法之研究> 台灣海洋法學報第2期， 民92年12月 頁161-227

6. IOPC Funds：The International Oil Pollution Compensation Funds Convention（1992年國際原油污染補償基金）

9. International Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue Manual（國際空中海上搜救手冊）

14. International Convention on Salvage ,1989

一、中文期刊