灌溉渠道生態工法水理研究

The Hydraulic Study on Irrigation Canal with Ecological Engineering Method

陳麒升(Chi-Sheng Chen)

指導教授 ： 蔡西銘 ； 陳 獻

中原大學/工學院/土木工程研究所/碩士(2006年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200500091

摘要

灌溉排水渠道過去肩負促進農田生產，著重灌溉、排水的重大任務，其功能多半以供水效率為主要考量，圳路的材料和結構也大都以矩形或梯形混凝土內面工為最基本設計；然而垂直化的護岸和光滑無孔隙的渠面，除了造成單調缺乏變化的流況，更使得生物難以生存其間。本研究在不破壞現有水工結構物，且考量結構和水理安全下，針對灌溉排水渠道，進行矩形渠道U型化和石樑工法兩項生態化改善工程，進行水工模型試驗。研究結果顯示，矩形渠道U型化的設置有助於增加多樣性流速，當渠底兩側堆石直徑增至渠寬的1/4倍時，堆石渠段水位開始明顯下降，堆石段上游水位上升但升幅不大，而在施作前後其曼寧係數之增幅亦不大；在渠底堆置石樑，以三角型向上游延伸排列較橫向緊密排列不易產生淤積，且延伸範圍可選取在30度至45度之間，兩者間距以堆石直徑之16倍者對造成多樣性流況，防止淤積等效果為最佳。

關鍵字

生態工法 ； 灌溉排水渠道 ； 石樑工法 ； 水工模型試驗

並列摘要

The irrigation canals used to hold the great responsibilities on irrigation and drainage, but now mainly are considered to supply water. The material and structure of these canals are designed by the lining concrete. These vertical bank revetments and the smooth non-porosity surface make the biology survive with difficulty and cause the flow monotonous. Two ecological concepts (1) rectangular sections changing to U-type sections, (2) stone-beam work were experimented in this research. However, it need to be considered the structure and hydrology safely without destroy the existing structure. The first result of this experiment is that the U-type canal establishment of the rectangular contributes to increase the diversified velocity of flow. When piled the stone up to 1/4 times of width on both sides of bottom, the water line in the section begins to obviously drop, but the water on upstream of the section rises slightly. Furthermore, the increased range of Manning’s coefficient is not broad. The second result is that the stone-beam work piling at the bottom of the canal which extends the arrangement by the triangle to the upstream is not easy to produce silt comparing with closely crosswise arrangement. The triangle range can choose 30 to 45 degrees. In order to prevent silt and create the diversified flow, the best interval between two stone-beam works is 16 times of the stone diameters.

並列關鍵字

hydraulic model test ； stone-beam work ； ecological engineering method ； irrigation canal

參考文獻

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