依據經濟部民國九十三年針對我國製造業對外投資的調查報告中,63.56%的業者以獨資為最主要海外事業的投資型態,而合資僅占39.27%;就國內事業規模而言,大型企業與外商企業或當地政府合資的比率,較中、小型企業為大。經濟部調查同時指出合資相較於獨資有降低的趨勢,是否因合資雙方管理控制相左所導致的呢?因此針對國際合資控制機制這個議題有深入探討的必要,希望能提供我國廠商未來進行合資的一個參考依據。 本研究以在台灣上市或上櫃並實際與大陸合資成立子公司之台灣母公司為研究對象。藉由經濟部投審會、公開觀測站、各公司之資料以及電子時報等網路資訊,查詢次級資料。本研究同時採用問卷調查及個案深度訪談搜集初集資料,以深入探討母公司對合資子公司的管控實務。研究發現: 1、 若合資夥伴的資源與台灣母公司的資源互補性高時,對合資子公司應採母國控制(由台灣母公司控制)。當資源互補性低時,合資子公司應採地主國控制(由大陸母公司控制)。 2、 當對夥伴的信任程度高時,對合資子公司可採共享控制,與合資夥伴一同管理合資子公司 3、 目標一致性高時,對合資子公司採結果控制;若雙方目標較不一致時,台灣母公司對合資子公司採行為控制。 4、 當台灣母公司持有股權等於或大於50%時,應採母國控制或共享控制。 5、 當台灣母公司對合資子公司採結果控制,台灣母公司對合資子公司的績效會較滿意。
Abstract According to the survey report of the of manufacturing industry in the year of 2004 by the ministry of Economic Affairs of the Republic of china, 63.56% of the overseas investment by Taiwanese Businesses takes the form of wholly owned subsidiary, and the joint venture only accounts for 39.27%. Economic ministry’s investigation points out that the joint venture tends to reduce. Why? The topic of the international joint-venture's control mechanism must play an importance role. The purpose of this study is to determinants of the joint-venture’s control mechanism and the relation between the control mechanism and performance. This research data are collected from Taiwan listed companies that have joint venture with Chinese businesses. This research adopts both questionnaire and case studies approaches to collect the primary data. Based on the quantitative and qualitative data analysis, the findings of the study are summarized as follows: 1. When partners’ resources are more complementary, the joint venture should adopt the home country control. When partners’ resources are less complementary, the joint venture should adopt the host country control. 2. When partners are mutual trustful, the parent company of Taiwan adopts share control. 3. When partner’s goal consistency is high, the joint venture adopts result control. When partner’s goal is inconsistent, the joint venture adopts the behavior control. 4. When the parent company of Taiwan holds majority-owned subsidiary, he should adopt either the home country control or share control. 5. When the joint venture adopts result control, the parent company of Taiwan will be more satisfied with the performance of joint-venture.
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