我國國防工業轉型及發展策略之研究

The study of transformation and development of the defense industry of R.O.C.

張慶國(Ching-Kou Chang)

指導教授 ： 李國瑜

中原大學/商學院/企業管理研究所/碩士(2005年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200500372

摘要

摘 要
冷戰結束對全球的政治與經濟造成極大的衝擊，連涉及各國軍事安全的國防工業都不能倖免。各國紛紛採取保護政策渡過難關，並朝國防企業全球化、跨國化、集團化趨勢發展。在此同時，我國武器獲得政策卻由自力研發轉變為以外購為主，嚴重影響國防工業的發展。
我國的國防工業發展除受武獲政策影響外，我國科技水準、美中台三邊關係及中共之威脅均在在影響整個產業的興衰；本研究乃就國家的長遠利益著眼，設計乙套國防產業轉型及長期的發展藍圖，一方面使研發能力持續累積，另一方面又能帶動國內工業及經濟的穩定發展。
本研究認為將我國國防工業植基於民間，運用民間企業的彈性、機動及效率，提升產業競爭力，為轉型之最有效方式。其基本策略有三：
一.軍工廠集中有限資源發展核心能量，非核心能量釋放到民間。
二.協助民間建立能力與能量。
三.籌組旗艦公司，帶動週邊產業發展；積極拓展外銷，爭取國際訂單。
至於我國國防工業轉型之發展方案，以個人研究所得，應以國防法第二十二條及國防法三子法為主軸，訂定短期、中期、長期目標，分階段實施：
一.初期以「國防科技工業機構與法人團體從事研發產製維修辦法」為主軸，逐步吸引、建立國內廠商從事軍品研發、產製、維修能力。
二.中期以「國防科技工業機構委託民間經營管理辦法」為主軸，對外，以工業技術合作爭取國外先進技術及國際共同合作開發之機會；對內，軍方除保留核心之關鍵技術能力外，將目前所擁有之軍工廠、維修場站、科研機構等逐步改組或轉換為財團法人或釋放給民間經營。
三.最終以「國防科技工業機構產品銷售辦法」為主軸，於國內建立集團公司，帶動產業發展；對外則積極拓展外銷，爭取國際訂單。

關鍵字

策略 ； 武獲政策 ； TOWS矩陣分析 ； 國防法 ； 國防工業 ； 國防科技 ； 國防法三子法 ； SWOT分析

並列摘要

ABSTRACT

Even that Defense Industry of military safety can’t be avoided after the end of the period of the Cold War. The protective policy has been established for each country that is available to make solution. There exist the trend of globalize, transnational and solidified development of National Defense. At the period of time, the policy of self-developing weapon system are already change by the foreign purchase. It is take a serious influence on the Defense Industry development
Besides the influence of Defense acquisition policy changed, the whole situation was affected by our technological development, the relationship among U.S., China and Taiwan and the threat by China. This research is not only focus on the country’s long-term benefit that design transformation of Defense Industry and a blueprint of the long-term development to make the energy accumulated consequently and also to lead a steady development of the domestic industry and economy.
It regarded that made the Defense Industry based on civilian as the most effective way of changing, by making use of the flexibility, mobility and efficiency of civilian business to promote the competitive ability. The following are three basic policies:

1.The military factory centralized limited resource to develop the substantial capacity.
2.To assists civilian establish capability and potential facility.
3.To compose of leading company and stimulus environment industry development, aggressive to develop export sale and take order from the international order

Mention about the plan of changing our Defense Industry, the research showed that it should be classified into short-term, mid-term and long-term goal according to the 22nd of The National Defense Law and three sub-law of The National Defense Law.

The initial stage:
Taking 『the National Defense Technology Industry Organization and the group of juridical person started researching the way of maintenance of making products』as the main regulation of axis. Attracted and built domestic companies to engage the military product to research,production and maintains.

The midterm stage:
Taking『the National Defense Technology Industry Organization entrusted the way of civilian management』as the main regulation of axis. Towards foreign countries, an opportunity of foreign advanced technology and international cooperated development was got by the industrial technology cooperation; towards domestic places, military forces not only retained the core competence, but also transformed the military factory, service station and technology-researching organization gradually, changed into the juridical person or releasing to the civilian management might be better choices.
The final stage:
Taking 『the way of selling the products of the National Defense Technology Industry Organization』as the main regulation of axis. Built the domestic alliance company spurred their industrial development; on the other hand, increase the exports actively to get the order from the international market.

並列關鍵字

The National Defense Law ； Strategy ； SWOT analysis ； TOWS matrix analysis ； Defense Industry ； Defense Technology ； The policy of Defense acquisition ； The three sub-law of The National Defense Law

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