我國高職學校競爭策略之研究－以國立X高職為例

The Competitive Strategies in Taiwan’s Vocational High School －A Case Study of National X Vocational High School

常婷婷(Ting-Ting Chang)

指導教授 ： 秦宗春

中原大學/商學院/國際貿易研究所/碩士(2005年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200500400

摘要

由於內外在環境的變遷，知識經濟時代的來臨、加入WTO後教育市場的開放、國內人口數的下降、教育改革、教育經費困窘、證照制度未落實等的影響，使得以往一直受到政府保護的高職，如今也要面臨競爭的情況。為了生存，高職順應時勢做適當的改革已是必然的趨勢。企業制定策略是為了獲利和永續經營，高職為了永續經營可以學習企業經營的模式，制定適合的策略。本研究以高職為研究對象，透過波特五力模型（是指「潛在及新加入競爭者」、「現有競爭者之對抗程度」、「替代品」、「購買者」、「供應商」五種競爭力）的架構，分析高職目前競爭環境的優劣勢，並針對台灣高職提出競爭策略。
在潛在及新加入競爭者方面主要是針對加入WTO後教育市場開放及開放高中生報考四技二專對現有高職的威脅；現有競爭者方面高職校數減少及私立高職的招生策略強化的影響；替代品對高職而言，是指目前高中（含綜合高中）對高職的威脅；在購買者層面主要是提到學生、教職員、業者、學生家長等對高職的影響；最後供應商的部份則是指國中畢業生減少、學校經費來源困窘及教學方法改變對高職的威脅。透過本研究，提出對目前高職有：（1）發展各校特色（2）發展策略聯盟（3）推展英語教學環境（4）有效率使用學校經費（5）配合政策推動高中職社區化（6）提升教師終身學習的能力等六個層面的策略。

關鍵字

高職 ； 波特五力模型 ； 競爭策略

並列摘要

Taiwan’s vocational high school, which is under the protection of the Taiwanese government, is facing multiple challenge today because of the changing internal and external environment, the approaching of knowledge-based economy, the impact of the market opening, population reduction, education reform, shortfall of educational budget, and suspended certificate system. In order to maintain competitiveness, reforms are inevitable. Vocational high school can learn from business in formulating strategies that strive for profit and sustainable operation. Therefore, this research borrows from the concept of business strategies developed by Michael Porter and applies to one of the Taiwan’s vocational high schools. Michael Porter developed the Five-Force Model to analyze the current situation from potential and new entrants, competitive rivalry between firms, substitutes, customers and suppliers.

The corresponding analogies regarding the porter’s Five Forces are :

1.Threat of New Entry: The threat from the educational market opening after joining WTO and the opening of technology college entrance examination for high school students.
2.Competitive Rivalry: The impacts of decreased number of vocational high schools and the strengthening recruiting strategy of private vocational high schools.
3.Threat of Substitution: The threat from high schools, including comprehensive high schools.
4.Buyer Power: Influence of students, faculties, education industry and parents.
5.Supplier Power: The threat from the decreased number of junior high students, lower income and changes of teaching method.

Six strategies proposed for current vocational high schools are listed below:
1.Developing distinctiveness of each vocatioinal high school.
2.Build strategic alliance.
3.Promoting English teaching environment.
4.Using school funds effectively.
5.Implementing community high schools with government policies.
6.Promoting lifelong-learning capabilities of teachers.

並列關鍵字

Five-forces model by Michael Porter ； Vocation high school ； Competitive strategies

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