回應曲面法應用於農業水路生態孔洞之設計

Using Response Surface Methodology Application on Ecological hole Design for Irrigation Channel

王繼緯(Chi-Wei Wang)

指導教授 ： 張德鑫 ； 蔡西銘 ； 陳 獻

中原大學/工學院/土木工程研究所/碩士(2005年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200500649

摘要

中文摘要

台灣地區農業水路過去考慮輸水效率及施工容易的前提下，以混凝土內面工為基本設計，塑造了光滑表面和單調流況之農水路，不利於生物在此種環境下生存與繁衍。隨著時代的變遷及產業的轉型，農政單位積極倡導生產、生活與生態的三生農業，農業水路工程應採用有利於創造生物多樣性空間的生態工法，提供動植物生存與繁衍的水域環境，以期恢復田野自然風貌。
本文針對現有矩形混凝土農業水路，進行生態化改善工程之探討，在不破壞現有水工結構物功能，考量結構和水理的安全下，於渠岸設置生態孔洞，營造出生物棲息處所，改善既有之光滑無孔隙而不利生物生存之混凝土渠面。為達上述目標，進行渠面生態孔洞之水工模型試驗，探討改善工程對水理特性的影響，在兼顧水理安全和環境生態下，求得生態孔洞最適之尺寸、深度及縱向間距；最後，藉由統計方法中的回應曲面法，來了解操作參數（孔洞之直徑、深度及縱向間距）對目標函數（水深）的重要性，在坡度1/250、流量0. 0384 cms、水深24 cm及渠寬30 cm等試驗條件下，經試驗分析獲得最適組合，在渠側底部連續開兩孔時，孔洞直徑/渠寬(D/B) = 3.28/30、孔洞深度/渠寬(d/B) = 0.7D/B及孔洞縱向間距/渠寬(L/B) = 5.32D/B；在1/2倍水深處連續開兩孔時，孔洞直徑/渠寬(D/B) = 3.40/30、孔洞深度/渠寬(d/B) = 0.69D/B及孔洞縱向間距/渠寬(L/B) = 5.01D/B；在渠側底部及1/2倍水深處連續開兩孔時，孔洞直徑/渠寬(D/B) = 3.34/30、孔洞深度/渠寬(d/B) = 0.6D/B及孔洞縱向間距/渠寬(L/B) = 4.84D/B。本試驗結果可提供相關工程規劃和設計之參考，促進農政單位加速生態化工程的推展。

關鍵字

生態孔洞 ； 水工模型試驗 ； 農業水路 ； 回應曲面法 ； 生態工法

並列摘要

Abstract

The irrigation channel in Taiwan passes by a worker, in order to design basically in concrete under the principle of inputting water efficiency, have make the smooth surface and the condition flows dully, one kind of environments is survived and multiplied to unfavorable to the living beings here. The research that in connection with irrigation canal is not destroying the existing structure, and consider the structure and hydrology to lay safely, then to proceed with the ecological concept of improving engineering. This study takes the ecology concept of improving engineering on the original Irrigation channel, and then uses the working procedure without damaging structure to achieve the ecological purposes and create a beneficial environment. We will conduct the study of improving engineering work via making the ecological holes on the lateral of channel. In order to reach foregoing objective, it need to be considered the structure and hydrology safely without destroyed the existing structure, try to find the size, depth, and interval of the optimum ecological hole; finally, using the response surface methodology, the objective function of water depth is understand the importance to the operation parameter. Under the conditions of the slope 1/250, Q = 0.0384 cms, depth of water 24cm, and wide of channel 30cm, the result show that the optimum combination which is open two holes in succession in the side bottom of the canal is the diameter/wide (D/B) 3.28/30, depth/wide 0.7D/B, and vertical interval/wide 5.32D/B; open two holes in succession 1/2 times water depths is the diameter/wide (D/B) 3.40/30, depth/wide 0.69D/B, and vertical interval/wide 5.01D/B; open two holes in succession in the side bottom of the canal and 1/2 times water depths is the diameter/wide (D/B) 3.34/30, depth/wide 0.6D/B, and vertical interval/wide 4.84D/B.

並列關鍵字

Response Surface Methodology ； Ecological hole ； Hydraulic Model Test ； Irrigation Cannel ； Ecological Engineering Method

參考文獻

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