避難標示圖像設計之視認性研究

The Legibility of Visual Design for Egress Signs

陳佑松(Yu-Sung Chen)

指導教授 ： 雷明遠 ； 莊修田

中原大學/設計學院/室內設計研究所/碩士(2007年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/CYCU.2007.00016

摘要

國內目前現有的避難標示對於一般民眾而言，會有訊息傳達不清楚、出口標示及避難方向標示圖像不易分辨的現象。在傳統認知中，圖形的影響力大於文字，但有越來越多的文獻指出，文字的影響力在某些情況下是大於圖形的。另一方面，避難標示的平面配置型態有甚多樣式，平面設計上應具備哪些要素，尚無定論。而目前所見的避難標示系統皆是綠色及白色的搭配，是否就是最佳的視認性與注目性之色彩計畫，有待深入的探討。
本研究藉由分析各國避難標示系統，並探討符號、指標、安全標示、色彩等相關文獻，找出避難標示中平面設計規劃之要素，並針對文字、型態、箭頭、色彩計畫等變項，對不同族群對象，分別就性別、年齡、學歷、職業等相異的背景進行問卷調查與視覺實驗。
經過研究分析後發現，避難標示中的文字影響力略大於圖形，文字越大其視認性越高，因此在避難標示中應有適當文字存在，並選用黑體字或明體字體，且採用雙語（中、英文）文字對照為佳；避難標示的平面規劃應力求簡潔，選擇色差較大的顏色，同時加以邊框，以突顯其存在感。箭頭則以一般樣式與弓型箭頭為最佳，避免採用多重的小箭頭。
而色彩計畫的部份則以綠底白圖最受到歡迎，然而以各種顏色為背景時的實驗結果指出，在視認性的部份則是以黃底黑圖標示與紅底黃圖標示最高，綠底白圖標示次之，白底綠圖再次之。在公共空間中，若環境的背景為偏綠色或白色，或是遇有公共藝術作品之色彩造成避難標示視覺上的模糊化，則可選擇黃底黑圖標示與紅底黃圖標示作為替代方案。

關鍵字

避難標示 ； 圖像設計 ； 視認性

並列摘要

For general people, the egress signs of moment often cause great confusion on information communication and result in the situation the exit sign is hardly distinguishable from emergency direction sign. In the traditional sense, the figure on the egress sign has more influence than the character. However there are more and more literatures indicating the influence of character is higher than the figure under some circumstances. On the other hand, the allocation of visual design for the egress signs may vary in many forms and there is no conclusion yet on what kind of elements should be possessed in the visual design. In the moment the colors of egress signs are always composed of green and white, and whether the color combination of this kind will get the best legibility and visual attention still needs to be further investigated.
This study was set to find out the essential elements in the visual design for egress signs by analyzing and comparing the egress signs of many counties and surveying the literatures relating to symbols, indicators, safety signs and colors. Then focusing on the variable items, including characters, forms, arrowheads and colors, the questionnaires aimed at different social groups which categorized by gender, age, education and occupation and visual experiments were proceeded and completed.
Based on the analysis result of the investigation, it was found out that the character in the egress sign has a slightly more influence than the figure. The larger the character is, the better the legibility. Therefore there should be some proper characters appear in the egress signs. It was suggested the adoption of Boldface type or Ming type characters and the dual-language, Chinese and English should be provided as appropriate. The egress sign design should be as pithy as possible and based on a high color contrast principal. Moreover, the sign should have a rim around to demonstrate its existence. As for the arrowheads, either normal style or arch-shaped style one shows the best effect, but the little multi-arrowheads are avoided to use.
As for the color planning, white figure on green background is the most popular design style. However, according to the experimental result, black figure on yellow background and yellow figure on red background rank the first two for better legibility, while white figure on green background ranks third and green figure on white background ranks fourth. In the public space, if the color of the environment background is partially green or white, or the colors of public art item cause blurred in vision, it is recommended that the egress signs with black figure on yellow background or yellow figure on red background can be chosen for alternative solutions.

並列關鍵字

visual design ； egress sign ； legibility

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