高齡者居家公共空間的使用行為之探討

A study on the using behavior of public living space for senior

蕭詠如(YUNG-JU HSIAO)

指導教授 ： 陳政雄

中原大學/設計學院/建築研究所/碩士(2007年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200700103

摘要

台灣地區因人口結構老化，國人平均餘命延長，家庭結構核心化，導致老年人口比率愈來愈高，衍生許多養老問題。未來高齡社會的居住服務體系，居家空間將是高齡者老年期重要的場所。根據高齡者生活時間量分配調查，顯示一日生活時間中，以自由時間占最多且在宅從事活動時間最長。而一般住宅空間比例，公共性與私密性比重為2：1，且因住宅形態不同產生不同的比重，同時也影響居住行為，因此高齡者老年期後，對居家公共性空間的依賴程度，會隨身心狀況不同產生極大差異。

本文主要探討高齡者居家公共空間的使用行為現況調查，針對不同年齡階段及不同身心狀況的高齡者，採用問卷訪談方式，調查高齡者一日生活行為時間分配量、居家室內、外公共空間與使用行為的關聯性及居家公共空間的組成形式等內容，藉此了解高齡者於居家室內公共性空間的使用現況，與居家室外公共性場所的使用需求程度。

本研究方法運用量化統計技術檢定調查結果，以客觀角度呈現高齡者居家公共空間的使用行為現況。研究結果：
一、依據高齡者生活時間統計量得知，不同年齡與不同身心狀況的高齡者，對居家公共空間使用行為需求有顯著差異。後期高齡者與障礙期高齡者，於居家公共空間的必需、自由時間增加，約束時間減少，且自由性活動項目呈現減少現象。
二、使用行為與空間需求程度檢定，未達顯著差異分別為前期與健康期高齡者於約束行為與動態自由性行為；後期與障礙期高齡者，則於必需行為與靜態自由行為。
三、高齡者對居家室內公共空間需求，有趨於一室化傾向，且水平移動動線較利於使用；另鄰里公園是高齡者居家環境的重要場所。

關鍵字

居家 ； 高齡者 ； 公共空間 ； 使用行為

並列摘要

ABSTRACT
Due to the senility of the population, the prevalence of nuclear families, and the increasing proportion of the senior citizens, our society here in Taiwan has witnessed various problems concerning the eldercare. The residential living space is going to be of great significance for those who are in their elderly year in the future living system of this senile society. According to a survey on the time arrangement of the senior citizens, the unstrained time accounted for most of their daily time spent on indoor affairs. Furthermore, the ratio of the public and private residential space was 1:2, and this ratio saw various balances in terms of different building types of their residences as well as those impacts on their living usage behavior. The dependence on the public space at home, therefore, varies considerably with regard to the mental and physical condition of the old-old.

The focus of this research is the investigation on the senior people’s usage behavior of the public residential space. By interviewing seniors with questionnaires, this research looked into their daily time arrangement of living behavior, the relationship between the living behavior and indoor or outdoor public residential space, and the composition of public residential space in an attempt to realize the usage of the indoor public residential space as well as the demand for the outdoor public residential space.

Revealing the residential indoor public space living behavior of senior citizens from an objective viewpoint, this research analyzed the result of the investigation with quantification statistics. The conclusion is illustrated as followed:

1. Based on the data of this statistics, there exists a distinct difference among the demands for the public residential living behavior of the aged. With regard to those of the old-old and the disability-old, they see an increase in their necessary and unstrained time spent in public residential space and a decline in the restricted time. Moreover, a reducing trend is shown on the numbers of unstrained activities.
2. The restricted behavior and active unstrained behavior of the seniors did not reach the distinct difference in the certification of the living behavior and demand for space in the groups of young-old and disability-old, Turning to those who are of the old-old, necessary behavior and static unstrained behavior here did not reach the distinct difference in this analysis.
3. The fact that every activity has to be done in one room is apparent in the demand for indoor public residential space of the elderly and the parks in the neighborhood have turned an essential living space for the senior citizens.

並列關鍵字

usage behavior ； the aged ； public space ； residential space

參考文獻

陳政雄，2005，《老年醫學國際研討會－銀髮住宅整體規劃理念》。

曾思瑜，2002，《北歐高齡者住宅、設施與體系建構之研究－以瑞典和丹麥

謝瑩蕙，2005，《因應高齡者身心狀況的終身住宅之可變性研究－以透天厝

董壽山，2003，《以環境行為觀點探討單身榮民宿舍之公共空間－以台北市

計規劃研究》，長庚大學管理學研究所碩士論文。