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  • 學位論文

美國證券法上吹虛理論(Puffery Doctrine)於我國適用可能性之探討

A Study on the Feasibility of Puffery Doctrine of Securities Regulation in Taiwan

指導教授 : 莊永丞
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摘要


對於一般籠統樂觀的前瞻性陳述,例如公司公開表示「市場對於該新產品的需求超乎我們的預期」或「對於公司現在所經歷充滿活力的成長感到非常、非常地好」,又或者理財顧問為了推銷證券、向投資人宣稱這是極佳的(Marvelous)債券、投資人不能錯過赤熱的(Red Hot)股票等等陳述,假如嗣後實際發生的情況並非如當初公司或理財顧問所宣稱的那樣美好時,而造成股價的急遽下跌,則此時該類的陳述是否具有可訴訟?美國法上,法院為了實務上發展出吹噓理論(Puffery Doctrine),認為該類型的談話在市場上只不過是一種宣傳的花招,噱頭(Hype),或是吹噓陳述而已,完全不會被投資人所認真看待,因此以在法律上不具有重大性為由,駁回或以即席判決終結訴訟。然而吹噓理論的適用在學界也引來諸多的爭議。關於吹噓理論的適用,也牽涉到應如何判斷前瞻性陳述可能涉及到不實陳述,以及重大性的判斷等問題。基於上述的研究動機,本論文以吹噓理論為主軸探求其存在的必要、適用的標準與適用於我國的可能性,並且希望能在公司發表樂觀前景消息與投資人自己負責原則間尋求一道合理的界限,避免經營者畏懼適當地發表樂觀前瞻性消息與避免投資人的濫訴,而這些情況都不是資本市場正常運作應有的現象。 論文架構上,則先介述吹噓理論在證券詐欺訴訟上,作為一種訴訟抗辯的適用情況,以及對於與吹噓理論為互斥概念的重大性要件之探討,緊接則檢討實務界與學術界對於吹噓理論所採取的不同態度,並綜合上述見解提出本文的看法,之後則探討吹噓理論與美國財務預測制度安全港規範間的關係,並進而對於我國是否有吹噓理論的適用空間或對其應如何看待或因應作一說明,最後則總結本文對於前瞻性陳述的基本原則、財務預測安全港制度,與吹噓理論的適用及其在我國應如何因應的看法。

並列摘要


Sometimes, corporate stated that demand for the product “is exceeding our expectations” or ”we feel very, very good about the robust growth we’re experiencing. ”Or a broker called a bond “marvelous” or said a stock was so “red hot” that the investors could not lose. If later the actual situation is not as claimed by them, and the stock price fall sharply, will such forward-looking statements of optimism be actionable? In U.S., in order to solve the problem of excessive litigation about securities fraud resulted from soft information, courts have developed Puffery Doctrine. Courts asserted that the statements are pure hype and accordingly reasonable investors do not rely on them in making investment decisions. Hence, the statements are deemed to be immaterial as a matter of law, and that is why the courts use Puffery Doctrine to dismiss securities fraud actions. However, the Puffery Doctrine has been the subject of much academic criticism. Also, the application of Puffery Doctrine involves how to judge forward-looking statements are misrepresentation、the materiality tests and so on. Therefore, based on the preceding arguments, this thesis will discuss the necessary and standard of Puffery Doctrine and then the feasibility of Puffery Doctrine in Taiwan. This thesis also try to strike a balance between allowing corporate to disseminate forwarding-looking information and avoiding frivolous claims. In the framework of the thesis, at first, this thesis will introduce the concept of Puffery Doctrine and the application of Puffery Doctrine as a defense in securities fraud litigation. Also, it will discuss materiality element that is mutually exclusive with Puffery Doctrine. Secondarily, the thesis will review the different options between courts and academic to Puffery Doctrine, and present my own view. And then, the thesis will explain the correlation between Puffery Doctrine and the safe harbor of financial forecasts. Moreover, the thesis will study the feasibility of Puffery Doctrine in Taiwan. At last, based on the foregoing discussions, the thesis will draw conclusions.

參考文獻


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被引用紀錄


高毓謙(2009)。證券詐欺罪構成要件之詮釋與適用-兼論司法刑事判決〔碩士論文,中原大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200900029
鄭郁萱(2014)。金融服務業提供金融商品或服務的忠實義務〔碩士論文,國立中正大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0033-2110201613583654

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