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武器系統綠色管理之評估 —以飛彈汰除為例

Evaluating Green Management for Weapon System —A Case of Missile Disposal

指導教授 : 胡宜中
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摘要


“綠色武器”是指借用“綠色環保”的概念,對自然環境不產生或減少產生污染,有利於環保和不破壞生態平衡的武器,將有助於促進軍事、環境、經濟的協調發展;從企業發展的觀點來看,是一項創新作法,也是邁向永續經營的不二法則。在全球民眾反戰爭、要環保的抗議壓力下,發展“綠色武器”可以平息社會情緒,可減少日常的環境污染和戰後重建中治理環境的成本。人類進入二十一世紀後,了解環境污染將直接關係著人類文明的延續,在環保意識不斷增強,綠色消費需求越來越高,綠色管理思想應運而生,綠色管理成為企業管理的一種新理念、管理研究的一個新領域。 然而武器系統的綠色管理概念,是以滿足裝備系統性能及戰備的條件下,完成綠色設計規劃,使武器系統全壽期各階段,儘量可達到綠色化程度的目標;本研究以飛彈汰除為例,使飛彈武器的研製能成為省能源、低污染、可回收的綠色產品,進而創造更高企業競爭力,為我國發展綠色飛彈武器系統來奠定基礎。在做法上本研究運用專家腦力激盪法研擬雛型架構以及德爾菲法確定研究架構,包含安全、法規、成本及技術等四個評估構面及16個評估準則,再請專家就準則間的交互影響程度決定出四構面做為節點的網路圖,並依此進行網路程序分析法,將問卷調查資料以Super Decisions軟體,找出各構面與準則之權重。研究結果顯示,武器系統綠色管理評估首要考慮是安全構面、其次是技術構面,但法規與成本仍是未來應加強的構面指標。 為落實我國軍武器系統綠色管理,確保武器汰除時能減少對環境與公共安全衝擊與爭議,本研究建議就「建立汰除機制」、「發展火工銷毀技術」、「綠色武器研製運用」及「武器系統綠色供應鏈」等;進而提昇國防科技能力與帶動民間綠色產業的發展,積極拓展軍品外銷市場,使國防產業得以永續發展,建議彙整如下: 一、建立汰除機制:對武器系統汰除的機制予以檢討確立,應適時發佈「武器裝備五年汰除計畫」與「武器裝備汰除銷毀執行計畫」以利下游工作配合推展。 二、發展適宜的火工銷毀技術、設備、場地與人員訓練:為完善執行汰除銷毀作業,應事前針對場地、設備籌建,發展汰除作業手冊及人員訓練等。 三、綠色研製的應用:將現行環保法規及國際歐盟RoHS、WEEE等限制指令限制,在不影響武器作戰性能前題下,納入武器研製設計規範中,並發展適合綠色設計準則與查核機制。 四、發展武器系統綠色供應鏈體系:藉由軍民通用模式管道向民間綠色相關產業宣導說明及合格認證作業,並建立武器系統之綠色供應鏈體系。

並列摘要


The term “Green Weapon” borrowing from the concept of “Green Environment Protection” refers to a weapon with no or less pollution to the environment which benefits to the environment protection and ecological balance. It will promote the coordinated development among the affairs of military, environment and economy. From the viewpoint of business development, it is innovative and also the only way to sustainable development. Under the pressure of the raising awareness of antiwar and environment protection, the development of Green Weapon can reduce not only the possibilities of environment pollution and the cost of environment resetting. Entering the twenty first century, environment pollution directly relate to the extension of human being. With the reinforcement of environmental awareness, the needs for green consuming have increased, leading the formation of Green Management. Green management has become a new concept and a new field for the research of business management. However, the concept of Weapon System Green Management is to not only design a weapon with satisfying functions but also make the producing process as green as possible. Taking Missile Disposal as an example, this study considers the specialty of weapon system decision, adopting Analytic Network Process to quantify the importance of structures and principles, and construct the evaluation mechanism of Weapon System Green Management. This study applies Brainstorming Method and Delphi Method to plan the foundational framework which includes the four evaluation structures, Safety, Principle, Cost and Technology, and the sixteen evaluation norm. Then, experts, consideration to the interplay among norms will determine four dimensions as the nodes for network planning. Based on it, Analytic Network Process will be proceeded. Super Decisions will generate the importance of dimensions and norms of the questionnaire. The result shows that the prerequisite of Weapon System Green Management is the structure of safety, and the technology would be the second concern. The Principle and Cost is the index of future enhancement. In order to realize the Weapon System Green Management in Military Affairs and reduce the impact of missile disposal, it is necessary to establish the disposal mechanism, and develop the technology of thermal destruction, the manufacture of Green Weapon and the Green Supply Chain of weapon system. In this case, the technology of national defense can be improved and the Green Industry can be developed. The improvement of national defense technology and the development of Green Industry can expand the weapon market and accelerate the sustainable development. Recommendations are as follows: 1.Develop the disposal mechanism: In order to establish the disposal mechanism of weapon system and support the development of downstream work, it is necessary to timely release the Five-Year Weapon Disposal Plan and Weapon Disposal Execution Plan. 2.Develop appropriate technology, equipment, field and personnel training of thermal destruction: In order to execute the disposal operation consummately, it is necessary to develop the disposal manual and personnel training for the construction of field and equipment beforehand. 3.Apply the manufacture of Green Weapon: On the premise of the weapon functions maintenance, the development and manufacture of green weapon should incorporate the restriction of RoHS and WEEE and develop the appropriate green design norms and certified mechanism. 4.Develop the Green Supply Chain of weapon system: Through the dual-use pattern, it is necessary to propagate the directions and the certification operations of green weapon to private green-related industries, and develop the Green Supply Chain of weapon system.

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