公路運輸發展至今,高速公路成為連絡全台運輸與區域經濟之重要幹道,其中大量的車流嚴重影響了台灣的交通狀況,更產生各種運輸問題。為了使高速公路呈現最佳之交通狀況,需要利用匝道儀控使得行車空間與通行時間予以最適當的分配運用,而交通控制系統之排程則必須根據實際運輸特性作配置,因此運輸廊道交通特性之分析則具有十分重要之參考價值。 高速公路交通特性分析,包含了交通量、密度、速率等車流特性變數之分析,其中服務水準可以作為評估交通設施服務品質好壞程度之指標,而本研究將以公路容量手冊之服務水準分級標準為依據來訂定模糊隸屬函數,以此作服務水準等級之判定,並整理國道一號各路段之運輸廊道服務水準,呈現國道一號之交通特性狀況。 最後,本研究利用車輛偵測器所測得之流量,將國道一號交通量以群聚分析對時間段及空間段分別作分群,而分群結果利用圖表方式呈現。接著分別對分群結果以檢定作評估,瞭解此一分群是否為最佳之群組,並以此分群分析結果作為未來規劃、匝道儀控之參考。
Through the development of highway transportation, freeway has become an important transportation system in Taiwan. The large amounts of traffic flow make a serious impact on traffic environment and derive a variety of transportation problems. In order to present a well-service highway traffic condition, it is necessary to use some strategies, such as ramp metering, to control travel space and time with optimal condition. The scheduling of traffic control system must be utilized by the characteristics of practical traffic. Therefore, the analysis of the transportation corridors provides an important reference value. The analysis of freeway traffic flow includes traffic volume, density, speed and other characteristics. Among them, the level of service (LOS) could be used as the evaluation criteria of transportation system. In order to determine LOS of freeway, this study applied fuzzy membership functions based on the reference of LOS in Highway Capacity Manual; furthermore, we segmented National Highway No.1 into various sections to present the mentioned characteristics, including LOS. The data of traffic volume was collected and organized from vehicle detectors set on National Highway No.1; we applied the cluster analysis of time and space segment respectively, and presented the results graphically. Moreover, we tested the result of clusters statistically to examine the optimality. Finally, we employed the results of cluster analysis for the strategies of transportation planning and ramp metering.
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