為了環境保護與減少資源浪費,將產品回收並再利用的概念已格外受到重視,也使得逆向物流活動逐漸納入供應鏈中。但增加對回收品及再製品的考量,將使得供應鏈在進行存貨管理時變得複雜且充滿不確定性。因此,本研究採用供應鏈管理中的協調機制,並選擇能有效管理存貨且減少長鞭效應產生的供應商管理庫存(Vendor Managed Inventory, VMI),以降低因逆向物流的複雜度與不確定性對供應鏈所造成的損失。此外,本研究將配銷策略中擁有較多優勢的越庫作業(cross-docking)加入架構中,除了較直接運送與傳統倉儲減少成本的支出,也能讓產品正確且快速送至零售商手中。且透過VMI資訊流通的特性,將有助於越庫作業達到對資訊的要求。故本研究在包含逆向物流活動之供應鏈中導入越庫作業,並在此架構下利用VMI的特性建構出最適成本模式。最後經由推導出最佳的決策變數與供應鏈總成本並且對模式進行分析,以提供相關資訊作為企業管理與決策上之依據。由研究結果顯示,零售商與配銷中心在存貨成本的部份將有所減少,而供應商雖然增加了存貨成本的負擔,但供應商可藉由調整回收品再製成本與新品生產成本這兩個顯著因子以達到降低本身以及供應鏈總成本的目標。故相關產業可使用本研究之模式與資訊做為參考,將有助於替整個供應鏈作出有利的決策,並達到供應鏈總成本最小化的目標。
To reduce the waste of resources, the concept of reusing return products in the market has been employed, and such reverse logistics activities have been extended to supply chain system. However, using the reverse logistics activities need to consider both return products and remanufactured products, that makes supply chain management become complex and uncertain. Therefore, this study used the coordination mechanism of Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) which can coordinate supply chain and reduce bullwhip effect to decrease the loss caused by reverse logistics. Furthermore, this study added the distribution strategy of cross-docking which is better than direct shipment and traditional warehousing. Then, the information requirement in cross-docking can be satisfied through information sharing under VMI. In this study, adding cross-docking in the supply chain with reverse logistics, then using the characteristic of VMI to construct the optimal model of supply chain. The objective of this study is to derive the optimal acquisition price of used product and the optimal order quantity to get the minimal cost of whole supply chain, then performing sensitivity analysis and hypothesis test for parameters. According to the results, retailers and distribution center achieve lower inventory cost, and vendor can reduce the cost through adjusting significant factors of remanufacturing costs for returned product and production costs for new product. Thus related industries could use the model and information in this study to make profitable decisions and achieve the objective for minimal cost of whole supply chain.
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