自來水管線接頭力學行為實驗與模擬

Experimenal Tests and Numerical Simulations of Mechanical Behaviors for Water Pipeline Joints

劉易欣(Yi-Sin Liu)

指導教授 ： 王安培 ； 黃仲偉

中原大學/工學院/土木工程研究所/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu201200136

摘要

自來水系統為重要維生線系統之一，其震後服務效能中斷除了會造成災區民眾日常生活立即發生困難之外，也會影響到消防、醫療等其他部門。延性鑄鐵管為國內最常見的自來水管材，通常以每六公尺為單位搭配K 型接頭連續而成自來水管線。文獻上對於埋地管線的研究多集中在連續管線，對於接頭的力學行為則鮮少探討，因此對於管線單元與K 型接頭組成的分段管線難以評估其安全性。本研究之目的係以延性鑄鐵管及K 型接頭為探討對象，首先利用實尺寸拉伸與壓縮實驗來測試不同管徑之K 型接頭的力學特性，並利用實尺寸實驗的數據來協助律定數值模擬所需的參數（如橡膠圈的摩擦係數）；其次，利用有限元素法以數值模擬的方式進一步探討K 型接頭在不同載重作用下的反應，俾利建立後續不同管線接頭的破壞準則。另一方面，本研究在K 型接頭力學實驗過程中除利用位移計與應變計量測特定點位的位移與應變之外，並利用數位影像量測的方式進行全域性的非接觸式量測，可得到待測試體的位移場與應變場。透過與位移計和應變計的比較，可用以測試兩種影像識別方法（數位影像相關係數與光流法）以及兩種應變計算方式（有限元素法與相似轉換法）的優劣。

關鍵字

K 型接頭 ； 數值模擬 ； 實尺寸實驗 ； 延性鑄鐵管 ； 影像量測 ； 應變計算

並列摘要

Water systems are one of the most essential infrastructures in the modern societies. The disruption of water supply due to earthquakes may cause serious inconvenience to the daily life of people and substantial damage to the medical caring, sanitation, and fire-fighting etc. Ductile iron pipes, with usual length of six meters of each unit, and K-type flexible joints are the most common types of pipelines in the water supply system in Taiwan. In the literature, most studies focused on behaviors of continuous pipelines (as known as interconnected pipelines) during earthquakes, but few researches studied the mechanical behaviors of joints. It follows that there are only few researches in the responses of buried segmented pipelines during earthquakes. The purpose of this thesis focuses on ductile iron pipes and K-type flexible joints. Full-scale tensile and compressive experiments with different sizes of specimen are carried out to verify the mechanical behaviors of K-type flexible joints. The experimental results can also be used to calibrate the parameters in numerical simulations, such as the friction coefficient. In addition, finite element analyses are applied to study the responses of ductile iron pipes and K-type joints under
different loadings. The failure criteria can be established and tested. On the other hand, digital image measurements are set up to carry non-contact measurements and obtain the corresponding displacement fields and strain fields. Compared with the measured results from displacement meter and strain gauge, the results of digital image measurements can be used to confirm two different image tracing methods (optical flow and template matching) and two strain calculation methods (finite element method and similar transformation method).

並列關鍵字

strain measurements ； numerical simulation ； full-scale experiments ； K-type flexible joints ； ductile iron pipes

參考文獻

陳北亭，2009，數位影像量測於結構實驗之應用，中原大學土木工程學系碩士論文。

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