以食用油與非食用油製造生質柴油之經濟效益分析

近年來，原油價格的高漲與短缺的問題持續存在著，因此發展具有兼顧環保與永續經營的替代性能源成為全球最主要的議題，目前替代能源中又以「生質能源」尤其備受人們的重視。生質柴油發展以來大多都以食用油為生質作物，例如：大豆、葵花油等，但卻在2008年引發糧食危機的問題；食用油作物的價格顯著的增加這將會影響生質柴油的經濟可行性。然而台灣天然資源幾乎都仰賴進口，石油與糧食兩者危機皆對我國相當的不利，應以尋找非食用作物代替食用作物為開發推廣生質柴油的主軸。本研究主要是評估製造生質柴油的經濟成本分析，主要針對食用性與非食用性作物分別作比較分析。生質作物又以國際進口與台灣自產之作物分別估算在2003年及2011年程序模擬三種年產量(8000、30000、及100000 tons/year)下製造生質柴油的成本分析。其估算之結果觀察出，「食用油」中在2003年中南美進口的大豆油，其稅後淨利與稅後報酬率最高，損益兩平價格最低。然而，近幾年糧食危機下開始發展的「非食用油」的部分中，在2011年台灣廢食用油在三個產量下，稅後淨利及稅後報酬率皆為最高，損益兩平價格為最低，是一發展生質柴油的可行性作物。經過比較分析得知非食用油發展之可行性，政府可利用休耕地種植生質作物，除可降低成本與減少台灣進口之依賴程度，非食用油作物亦可發展台灣觀光產業，以創造週邊商機來帶動台灣經濟。

關鍵字

生質柴油；非食用油；食用油

並列摘要

In recent years, rising crude oil prices and shortage of fuels have existed. Therefore, the development of balance between environmental protection and sustainable alternative energy use has become a major issue. At present, biodiesel energy has been paid much attention than any other alternative energy. Biodiesel is mostly made from edible oil crops as raw material, for example: soybean oil and sunflower oil etc. But since the food crisis in 2008, the prices of edible oil crops have significantly increased and this will affect the economical viability of the biodiesel industry. Since Taiwan's natural resources are virtually dependent on imports, the nation during both oil and food crisis was negatively affected. As a result, Taiwan should primarily look for inedible crops instead of edible crops for the development of energy production. This research assessed the economic cost analysis of biodiesel production which was mainly divided into edible and inedible crops for comparative analysis. The study specifically looked at biodiesel crops of international imports and Taiwan’s production for the estimation of costs with yearly capacities of 8000, 30000 and 100000 tons in 2003 and 2011, respectively. The results show that the net annual profit after taxes (NNP) is the highest in the annual production of 100000 tons, and break-even price (BBP) is the lowest with soybean oil being imported from Central and South American in 2003. However, during the food crises the inedible oils had begun to be developed as biodiesel raw materials. In 2011, the waste cooking oil in three production capacities, the NNP and after-tax rate of return (ARR) were the highest. As well, the break-even biodiesel price was lower than all the edible oil crops. This is a feasible biodiesel crop. A comparative analysis shows that the feasibility of the development of inedible oil, may enable the government to make use of fallow land to grow inedible biomass crops. In addition to reducing costs and dependence on Taiwan's imports, inedible oil crops may also develop the tourism industry in Taiwan to boost the economy in order to create related business opportunities.

並列關鍵字

biodiesel ； edible oil ； inedible oil.

參考文獻

Ahmad, A.L., Mat Yasin, N.H., Derek, C.J.C., Lim, J.K., 2011. Microalgae as a Sustainable Energy Source for Biodiesel Production: A review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev.15(1), 584-593.

Atabani, A.E., Silitonga, A.S., Badruddin, Irfan Anjum, Mahlia, T.M.I., Masjuki, H.H., Mekhilef S., 2012. A Comprehensive Review on Biodiesel as an Alternative Energy Resource and Its Characteristics. Renewable Sustain Energy Rev. 16(4), 2070-2093.

Bender, M., 1999. Economic Feasibility Review for Community-scale Farmer Cooperatives for Biodiesel. Bioresour. Technol. 70, 81-87.

Chemical Engineering (CE). Chemical Engineering Economic Indicators, 2012; Vol. 117 (Issue1), p. 64.

Chemical Engineering (CE). Chemical Engineering Economic Indicators, 2011; Vol. 119 (Issue5), p. 64.

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以食用油與非食用油製造生質柴油之經濟效益分析

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