梯田文化景觀保存價值之研究 ─ 以三芝八連溪梯田為例

Preservation Values of the terraces － With Sanjhih Balian River terraces as an example

林雨萱(Yu-Hsuan Lin)

指導教授 ： 黃承令

中原大學/設計學院/建築研究所/碩士(2014年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu201400099

摘要

文化地景是人的生活與土地交互作用而形成，其中農業文化景觀─梯田，是先民與環境共同生活出來的地景，含有經濟、文化和環境生態等多種價值。但隨著現代化的影響，諸如產業結構改變、休耕政策的實施、年輕人口外移等各種因素，使梯田嚴重衰退，百年來人與自然共生的景象正逐漸消失中。

三芝八連溪梯田開墾於1760年左右，此時由於漢人進入三芝的人數日益增加，加上三芝地區平原地少，不足以供給大量人口農耕生活，因此漢人中的汀州客家人轉往丘陵地發展，八連溪梯田即是最早被開墾為梯田的丘陵地。而後歷經了兩百年的發展，其中1895年到1983年為三芝梯田發展最為興盛的時期，此時其梯田產業成為三芝主要的生產及經濟來源。然而1983年開始社會結構轉變加上梯田耕作不易，造成梯田產業逐漸衰敗至今，梯田的使用狀況已不如過去，但即便如此，八連溪梯田大部分的土地仍然持續耕作著，並且保留著許多具有保存價值的元素，諸如聚落、古道路徑、建造技術等等，都表現了人與自然的互動關係以及先民智慧的展現。因此，以文化景觀的角度來看，八連溪梯田有其值得保存的意義及價值。

本文試從文化景觀的面向來探討三芝八連溪地區之梯田產業，基於時代轉變，梯田發展嚴重衰落，為了避免八連溪梯田文化景觀的消失，因此希望藉由本研究，瞭解三芝八連溪梯田過去的歷史發展、聚落形成的背景、人與自然相處的關係，分析當地歷史脈絡、自然環境及文化資產等特色元素，彰顯出三芝八連溪梯田的文化景觀意涵，並探討出三芝梯田的保存意義及其價值為何，以達到保留一個高價值的文化景觀並使之持續發展的目的。

研究方法主要是以文獻史料蒐集及分析為主，再配合實地現況調查之資料，提出八連溪梯田有形及無形的文化資產價值。文獻回顧以專家學者的論述、定義及其作業準則為主，相關文獻則參照我國對文化景觀的定義、類別及其登錄標準和相關文化景觀論文，以作為後續八連溪梯田文化景觀的調查及探討基礎。另外，分析國外對於梯田保存的做法與經營，當做本研究的案例，作為日後八連溪梯田保存的啟示或參考。

關鍵字

八連溪 ； 三芝 ； 梯田 ； 文化景觀

並列摘要

Cultural landscape is the formation of human life and land. This includes agriculture cultural landscape terraces, which is best described as the landscape “lived out” by the ancestors and environment together, which embraces economic, cultural and other environmental and ecological value. However, nowadays the modernity influences including various factors such as changes in the industrial structure, the implementation of set-aside policy, young population relocation, which causes the terraces carried severe recession, and the scene of human living together with the nature for centuries is gradually disappearing.

Sanjhih Balian River terraces cultivated in about the year 1760, at the time due to the number of Chinese increased gradually in Sanjhih area. In addition, the there are considered very few flat ground, which are considered as insufficient supply to large numbers of people farming and lived a farm life. So that, the Han Chinese Hakka, Tingzhou, moved to hills for future development. As a result, the Balian river terraces are the first to be reclaimed terraced hills. Subsequently after two hundred years of development, in 1895 to 1983, was considered to be the most prosperous development of Sanjhih terraced period. At the same time, this terraced industry has become a major production and economic source for Sanjhih. However, beyond the year 1983, coupled with changes in the social structure and the difficult terraced farming, it results in gradual decline since the industrial terraces, terraced usage is considered to be better in the past. However, most of the Balian river terraces continued farming the land, and retains many elements of preserved value such as settlements, the trail route, construction techniques, and etc. They have demonstrated the interaction between man and nature, and also shows the wisdom of our ancestors. As a result, from the cultural landscape perspectives, the Balian River terraces are to be preserved for its unique purposes and values.

This paper explores the cultural landscape of terraces facing the industry Sanjhih Balian River area, based on changing times, terraced development of severe decline, in order to avoid the cultural landscape of Sanjhih Balian River terraces disappeared, so I hope by this study to understand the Sanjhih Balian River terraces past historical development, colony formation in the background, the relationship between man and nature get along, analysis of local historical context, natural environment and cultural assets and other special elements, highlights the implications of the cultural landscape Sanjhih Balian River terraces and explore the Sanjhih terraced significance and value preservation why, in order to achieve a high value retention cultural landscape and to the purpose of sustainable development.

Research methods are mainly based on the collection sand analysis of historical documents, together with the status of the field survey data, proposed Balian river terraces value of tangible and intangible cultural assets. From the literature reviews discussed in this paper, the professionals and experts in cultural landscape field giving the definition of its operating standards-based, relevant literatures are defined by referencing to the cultural landscape of our country. And the class and cultural landscapes standards and related papers, are used as a discussion foundation and cultural landscape survey for Balian river terraces. In addition, analysis of foreign practices for preservation and management terraces, were used as case studies in this paper. They are also considered as the future referencs or revelations for Balian river.

並列關鍵字

terrace ； Sanjhih ； Balian River ； cultural landscape

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