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  • 學位論文

橋梁沖刷感測器的研發與測試

Developments and verifications of bridge scouring sensors

指導教授 : 黃仲偉

摘要


橋梁沖刷為橋梁破壞的主因之一,且對於橋墩與橋台的安全危害甚大。然而橋梁的沖刷因為隱藏於河流水面以下,因此不容易進行監測。近年來以有相當多的沖刷感測器被提出,但往往有其使用上的限制。本文只在開發一套新型橋墩監測儀器,具有可靠、經濟與耐久性且更換方便等優點。其組成是以微機電加速度計搭配簧片安裝於橋墩的不同高度,透過量測所得之加速度計歷時是否超過門檻值以及訊號平均值是否改變可用於監測水位、沖刷深以及流速。此外,本研究同時採用墩內攝影機、加速度計、雷射測距儀等儀器紀錄實驗過程,用以驗證新式簧片感測器的正確性。另一方面,本研究同時利用橋墩頂部加速度計歷時訊號搭配希爾伯特-黃轉換的時頻分析方式,探討橋墩基本振動頻率與沖刷深的間的關係。實驗結果顯示本文所提的簧片感測器可用於判定水位高、水土交界、回淤後高程與偵測傾倒之情形,且橋墩頻率隨沖刷深度增加而逐漸減少。

並列摘要


Bridge scour is the major cause for many bridge failures and damage to piers and abutments. Scour is not easily discernible since it is hidden under the channel flow. Over the years, a number of sensors have been developed for detection of scour depth. Development, testing, and small-scale field implementation of a new and simple type of scour sensor in a flume are described in this study. The proposed sensor uses a MEMS accelerometer and attached to a reed which is fixed on the considered pier. The scour depth detection concept is based on observing the amplitude of acceleration time history whether reached the threshold or not. In addition, the relationship between the fundamental frequency of the pier and the scour depth is also discussed. The fundamental frequency of the pier is obtained from the acceleration time history, acquisition by the accelerometer on the top of the pier, using Hilbert-Huang Transfer (HHT) method. Experiment results demonstrate that the fundamental frequency decreased with increasing the scour depth. Furthermore, the proposed sensor could be used as a water-level indicator, scour depth sensor, and anemometer.

並列關鍵字

HHT fundamental frequency scour depth Scour sensor

參考文獻


李昊翰,2014,「墩前淤積對橋墩穩定性影響之研究」,中原大學土木工程學系碩士論文。
陳俊仲,2011,「高科技橋梁沖刷監測系統開發與技術整合應用研究」,國立台灣大學土木工程學系博士論文。
蔡鎮安,2012,以結構振動訊號診斷橋梁受沖刷之安全性研究,國立台灣大學土木工程學研究所碩士論文。
王顥霖,2011,橋梁健康診斷量測技術之研究,國立中央大學土木工程學研究所博士論文。
侯鈞哲,2011,「重力式壓電片沖刷監測預警系統」,國立中央大學土木工程學系碩士論文。

被引用紀錄


范良貞(2007)。獅山勸化堂與南庄的地方社會〔碩士論文,國立中央大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0031-0207200917343868

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