傳統建築中,屋頂扮演著重要且不可或缺的角色。其原因有二:一為屋頂直接受風吹日曬雨淋,係建築物中最易損壞的部位;二為屋頂施作的好壞,攸關屋面的漏水與開裂,直接影響了建築本體的生命週期。故而,屋面瓦作技術的傳承與記錄,遂成當下刻不容緩的工作。 本研究首先說明屋面材料之的類型、形式、特徵及瓦作工具,繼之探討瓦作流程、瓦作工法、瓦作禁忌及瓦作施作訣竅,其後針對瓦作流程、瓦作工法、瓦作訣竅進行差異性分析,並納入派籍及分佈地區兩種影響指標深入解析,探討造成瓦作技術差異性之影響指標。 據研究歸納,匠師對於傳統屋面瓦作材料、形式、特徵及瓦作工具基本上同多異少;瓦作流程、瓦作工法、瓦作禁忌及瓦作訣竅差異性分析方面,諸多論點因匠師習技經驗及思考向度的不同,出現不同的做法;部分具差異性的論點上,因派籍及分佈地區的不同,匠師的論點呈多樣性。
Roof plays a critical and indispensable role in traditional buildings. There are two reasons: first, the roof is directly exposed to weather, which is the most easily damaged part; second, the roofing quality concerns the leaking and cracking which have immediate impact on the building’s service life. Therefore, to inherit and record tile-roofing techniques is an urgent job at present. The research describes the types, forms, and features of the roofing materials; also the roofing tools in the first place. And then, it discusses the tile-roofing procedure, workmanship, avoidance and know-how, as well as their difference analysis. It brings the cliques and distribution areas influence index to explain and explores the causing reason of different tile-roofing indexes. The research concludes that the craftsmen have mostly the same recognition on the roofing materials, forms and features but a little difference. On the diversity of the procedure, workmanship, avoidance and know-how, based on various experiences and thinking dimensions of the craftsmen, there are different practices. Some arguments of craftsmen’s thesis are varied due to distinct cliques and areas.
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