結合土壤類型及其蒸發量推估區域性地下水補注之研究

A Study on Regional Groundwater Recharge based on Soil Types and Evaporation

鄒丞(Cheng Tsou)

指導教授 ： 張德鑫

中原大學/工學院/土木工程研究所/碩士(2015年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/CYCU.2015.00144

摘要

本研究利用前人之研究進行紅壤土及砂質壤土之蒸發與入滲量之水平衡分析，推估上述土壤在長期氣象條件下之降雨入滲、地表逕流、土壤蒸發及地下水補注量等。研究中將模式推估之土壤含水量與現地TDR裝置所量測得之土壤含水量資料相互比對，以驗證本研究之可信度，最後再配合地理資訊系統(Geographic Information System)，根據地表土地利用等條件，據以推估長期距之桃園地區降雨補注量。
在進行模式與觀測值之比對時，在部份時段本研究推估值和現地TDR量測資料有所差異，其原因為本研究乃根據表土(厚度30cm)之平均含水量進行推估，而TDR儀器則是分別埋設於土壤表面下10及20 cm特定位置量測土壤含水量，故當降雨量小時，水分僅停留在表土，而TDR觀測卻無法量測到水分變化所致。
本研究依推估結果，得知桃園台地紅壤土在2004~2010年之年入滲量約為降水量之29.14~38.07%、土壤蒸發量18.25~27.72%、地表逕流量61.93~70.86%、地下水補注量為8.47~10.84%；砂質壤土的入滲量約在61.01~67.96%、土壤蒸發量44.93~54.31%、地表逕流量31.91~38.99%、地下水補注量為13.58~17.83%。此數據與水利署之推估值相近，且模式推估值與TDR觀測值誤差皆在可接受範圍內，顯示本研究推估地下水之補注量，其方法與成果為可行。

關鍵字

地下水補注

並列摘要

Based on previous research results, this study aims to estimate rainfall infiltration volume, surface runoff volume, soil evaporation volume and groundwater recharge volume in both laterite and sandy loam under the actual meteorological condition. Then, the estimated soil-moisture contents were compared with the measured data of on-site TDR soil water contents, and verification was finally made to appraise the reliability. Finally, according to the situations of land utilization to investigate the characteristics of rainfall recharge in Taoyuan area by using Geographic Information System.

The results of this study show that, there are discrepancies between the estimated soil-moisture contents and the measured data of on-site TDR soil water contents, the reason is that the results was calculated by the average moisture contents of surface soil but the TDR instrument was buried underground 10 cm and 20 cm where the specific position to measure the soil-moisture contents. When there are less rainfalls, water only can stay in the surface soil result in the TDR instrument can't measure the variations of moisture content.

Based on the estimated results of this study in 2004-2010,the annual infiltration volume of total annual rainfall volume of laterite in Taoyuan area accounted for approximately 29.14-38.07%, annual soil evaporation volume was approximately 18.25-27.72%, annual surface runoff volume was approximately 61.93-70.86% and annual groundwater recharge volume was approximately 8.47-10.84%; however, the annual infiltration volume of total annual rainfall volume of sandy loam accounted for approximately 61.01-67.96%, annual soil evaporation volume was approximately 44.93-54.31%, annual surface runoff volume was approximately 31.91-38.99% and annual groundwater recharge volume was approximately 13.58-17.83%.

According to the results in 2004-2010, the deviations between estimated values and observed value of TDR are acceptable and thus it is possible to apply the estimation method of this study.

並列關鍵字

groundwater recharge

參考文獻

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