憂鬱與焦慮的共病現象是一種在臨床上常見的情形,過去亦有許多研究致力於探討此一現象,筆者在回顧文獻後發現性格可以作為解釋憂鬱與焦慮產生之脆弱因子,因此本研究之主題即在探討華人性格向度對憂鬱症與焦慮症之症候群的影響,希望能找出一合理的模式用以解釋憂鬱與焦慮之共病現象。本研究為橫斷性研究方式,並採用獨立組間設計,將組別依診斷類別劃分為單純憂鬱組(N=17)、單純焦慮組(N=8)、憂-焦共病組(N=35)、及健康控制組(N=40),四組樣本共計100位,統計分析方法採用變異數分析、相關分析、及迴歸分析等方式進行。本研究有幾項主要結果發現:(一) 華人性格向度在四組間的表現形態不同,除品德與豪吝兩個性格向度外,其餘性格向度均在四組間有明顯的差異。(二) 性格與目前憂鬱程度、焦慮程度有明顯相關。(三) 華人性格向度與不同的憂鬱或焦慮症狀間有不同程度的相關,且有部分相關之間達到顯著差異。(四)華人性格向度可作為解釋憂-焦共病現象的可能脆弱因子,且可由性格向度對不同症候群的解釋程度作區分,清楚將性格向度分成共病因子(包括樂悲、豪吝、剛柔)、與焦慮特定因子(勤惰)兩類。本研究之設計與分析有其限制之處,其結果與過去國內外相關研究也不盡完全相同,相關詳細討論請參考討論章節中的相關內容。
The comorbidity of depression and anxiety is often observed in clinical settings and leads to much research in this phenomenon. Personality was found to be one of the vulnerability factors. The purpose of this study was to investigate this comorbidity by using Chinese personality dimensions. This was a cross-sectional between-participant design. There were four groups of participants: depression group (n = 17), anxiety group (n = 8), comorbidity group (n = 35), and control group (n = 40). Correlation, ANOVA, and regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Results indicated that: (1) There were significant between-group differences in five of the seven Chinese personality dimensions. (2) Chinese personality dimensions were correlated with both depression and anxiety. (3) There were significant differences among the correlations of Chinese personality dimensions with the different syndromes in depression, and as well as the different syndromes in anxiety. (4) It was supported that Chinese personality dimensions were vulnerability factors of the comorbidity of depression and anxiety, and could be classified into comorbodity factors and specific anxiety factors. Comparisons of the results with previous research and the limitations of this study were also discussed.