組織中的樂觀偏誤與不安全行為之研究—以製造業線上員工為例

The relationship between optimistic bias and unsafe behaviors in Chinese organization-- The Example of Manufacture Operator

賴俊嘉(Lai Chung-Chang)

指導教授 ： 郭建志

中原大學/理學院/心理學系/碩士(2009年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200900086

摘要

近年來，職業安全衛生漸漸受到重視，許多組織都投入心力，最主要的目地
就是，減少工作意外的發生。因為當發生工作意外後，不是只有勞工的身心受創，
連帶的組織也必須付出相當的代價。然而，工作意外的發生最主要是員工的不安
全行為所導致，因此減少員工的不安全行為便成為提倡職業安全首要的課題。過
去學者發現，意外風險的知覺偏誤，會影響風險行為的展現。本研究試圖了解員
工對工作時所面臨的工作風險之判斷，對其不安全行為之影響為何，並且以個人
屬性(比較對象、意外經驗、控制知覺)及組織屬性(安全氣候)兩方面來探討對員
工樂觀偏誤的影響。除此之外，當員工違反組織所訂定的安全規範時所受到的處
罰，是否會抑制不安全行為的展現亦是本研究想要了解的。本研究採用便利性取
樣的問卷調查方式來收集資料，受試者為一般製造業線上員工，總共回收有效問
卷240 筆資料。本研究的結果發現：(1)當員工有較大程度的樂觀偏誤時，對不安
全行為的展現就越多。(2)不熟悉的比較對象會使員工產生較高程度的樂觀偏誤。
(3)員工知覺到安全氣候越強烈時，樂觀偏誤的程度就越低。(4)當組織中的安全
氣候越強時，會降低員工的樂觀偏誤，進而減少不安全行為的展現。(5)不論樂觀
偏誤程度高或低，都會受到知覺處罰可能性的影響而減少不安全行為的展現。最
後，雖然意外經驗沒獲得支持，但是卻對樂觀偏誤有顯著的正相關，而且樂觀偏
誤也有中介效果，意即員工的意外經驗越豐富，所產生的樂觀偏誤程度越大，進
而展現出較多的不安全行為，這或許可以解釋為何工作意外總是一直不斷的發生。

關鍵字

比較對象 ； 不安全行為 ； 樂觀偏誤 ； 意外經驗 ； 安全氣候 ； 控制知覺 ； 知覺處罰

並列摘要

In recent years, more and more organizations take occupational safety and health
seriously in order to reducing work accidents. When work accidents happened, not only
the workers suffer from both mental and physical trauma, but also cost organizations a
lot. Furthermore workers’ unsafety behaviors are the primary reason of working
accidents. The early researches indicated that perceptional bias of unknown risk would
affect the exhibition of risk behaviors, as the result, this research attempts to investigate
how workers make the judgment while they are facing work risk and how the judgment
affects unsafety behaviors. Besides, the researcher focuses on the influence of
individual (Comparison target, Accident experience, Percieved control) and
organization (Safety climate) factors to optimistic bias, and if workers will reduce their
unsafety behaviors as they know they will be punished when they violate the safety
rules. This research collectes 240 surveys, which is by convenience sampling and takes
manufacture operator workers as participants. The results are the workers show more
unsafety behaviors when they have more optimistic bias. Second, the more comparison
targets unfamiliar are, the more optimistic bias will be. And the strong safety climate
not only can reduce perceptional bias, but also declining the happen of unsafety
behavior. Finally, regardless the degree of perceptional bias, the likelihood of
punishment can reduce the unsafety behaviors. Although accident experiences don’t
show effect in this research, but this factor has positive correlation with optimistic bias.
The optimistic bias moderates between accident experiences and unsafety behaviors,
that means if the workers have more accident experiences, they will have more
optimistic bias and show more unsafety behaviors than.

並列關鍵字

Optimistic bias ； Comparison target ； unsafety behaviors ； accident experience ； Percieved

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