本研究以我國108間私立學校為對象,對其2004年及2005年的財務報表進行實證分析,以探討影響私立學校盈餘管理程度之因素。本研究把影響因素分為三個特性,分別為組織特性、收入特性與監督特性,並對每一個特性構面找出影響私立學校盈餘管理之因素。透過本文的研究,預期可瞭解何種特性的私立學校,其盈餘管理的程度可能較高,當社會大眾發現此類特性的私校時,對於其盈餘的品質,須更加留意。 本文採用延伸的Jones模型來衡量盈餘管理,再以迴歸分析探討影響盈餘管理程度之因素。實證結果顯示,組織特性方面,大學體系及宗教性質變數,均與私立學校盈餘管理程度呈顯著負相關,由於大學體系的私校通常可獲得較多的資源,故其盈餘管理程度較低,而宗教所創辦的學校,主要是以虔誠的心提升宗教教育與淨化社會,故其盈餘管理程度亦較低;財務特性方面,管理費用變動數與盈餘管理程度呈顯著正向關係,顯示管理費用增加越多的私校,為避免外界認為其營運績效不佳,因此増加盈餘管理程度;監督特性方面,更換會計師與負債比率變數,均與盈餘管理程度呈顯著正相關,顯示有更換會計師的學校,繼任會計師可能欲與新客戶維持良好關係,因此可能容易妥協或不易發現不妥的事,負債比率越高的學校,可能為了避免違反債務條款而進行盈餘管理,因此這類私校盈餘管理程度較高。
We use regression analysis on a sample of 108 private schools in Taiwan to find the factors that determinant of earnings management levels and divide these factors into three characteristics. The three characteristics are organization characteristics, financial characteristics, and monitor characteristics. We expect that readers could understand which characteristics of private schools have more earnings management levels through this paper. Therefore, people should pay more attention about the quality of earnings for these private schools. We use Extensive Modified Model to measure earnings management levels and apply regression analysis to find the factors that determinant of earnings management levels. In organization characteristics, we find that universities and religion schools both have significant negative association with earnings management level. Because universities have more resource and religion schools sincerely improve education, they have less earnings management level than others. In financial characteristics, the results indicate that the variance of management expense exist significant positive association with earnings management level. When the management expenses of schools are increasingly, it could be thought that which operate ineffectively. So they increase their earnings management levels. In monitor characteristics, we find that changing accountants and leverage both have significant positive association with earnings management level. Succeed auditor maybe want to maintain a good relationship with client, they compromise easily and find the inappropriate things difficultly. As a result, they have more earnings management levels. Besides, the more leverage schools are, the more earnings management levels have, because they do not want to violate the contract.
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