在過去的研究裡,供應商、配銷商和零售商往往被視為獨立個體,而在這每一上下游的關係階層中,因為上游階層對於市場需求的不靈敏,造成供應鏈中存在著大量且不必要的存貨。這些存貨固然也造成整個供應鏈中相當高的存貨持有成本,而在這成本當中也包含著貨品的損耗。近期則隨著物料短缺物價上漲,各種產品利潤相對減少,也造成同業間競爭壓力隨之增加導致供應商、配銷商和零售商不得不發展為一個對市場需求更為靈敏,隨時能對市場需求作出回應而且必需能在各項成本上盡量減少的模式。為了達到整個供應鏈最佳化及獲得長期利益。供應鏈內的各階層成員透過情報分享和策略聯盟來達到此一最佳化的目的。 本研究即發展一個對於損耗性商品的一個三階供應鏈(單一供應商、單一配銷商和單一零售商)執行垂直整合並透過策略聯盟以分享其利益和損失的數學存貨模式,此模式目標主要以聯合總成本最小化及對於整合存貨模式的補償策略,以一簡單有效率的啟發式求解法來求得這最佳的解決辦法。本研究所發展之數學模式以數值範例驗証,其整合模式最佳化之聯合總成本皆遠低於其它三種典型獨立模式(獨立決策、零售商主導和供應商主導)。並經由敏感度分析和補償政策以驗証支持本研究所提出之整合存貨模式。
Historically, most suppliers, distributors and retailers have acted independently. In mutli-echelon supply chain, the upstream is not sensitive to market demand. This results in large and unnecessary inventories in the supply chain. The holding cost and the deterioration cost in the whole supply chain will increase. Due to increased raw material cost and decreasing marginal profit recently, firms are forced to develop an efficient supply chain to reduce the cost of carrying inventory and to respond quickly to customer demand. Different facilities develop their partnership through information sharing and strategic alliances in order to achieve long-term benefits and global optimumality of the system. This paper develops a mathematical inventory model of deteriorating item taking into account the vertical integration of a three-echelon supply chain (one supplier, one distributor, and one retailer) through strategic alliances and benefits sharing. The objective of this model is to minimize the total joint cost and to devise a compensation policy for the integrated inventory model. A simple but efficient heuristic technique is used to derive the optimal solution. This thesis develops a mathematical model to prove how an integrated approach to decision making can achieve global optimum which outperforms the independent approach (i.e., supplier’s perspective and retailer’s perspective model). A numerical example, sensitivity analysis, and the effects of compensation policy on the optimal results are presented to validate the results of the proposed integrated model.
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