行為抑制與兒童社會焦慮：注意力控制的角色

Behavioral Inhibition and Childhood Social Anxiety: the Role of Attentional Control

羅復懷(Fu-Huai Lo)

指導教授 ： 梁記雯

中原大學/理學院/心理學研究所/碩士(2017年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu201700543

摘要

研究背景與目的：焦慮已經成為兒童與青少年心理健康的嚴重問題，其中又以社會焦慮最為常見且對生活的影響最為廣泛與強烈。在精神疾病診斷與統計手冊第五版(DSM-5)已說明行為抑制氣質為社會焦慮的其中一個危險因子，但是，較少研究探討行為抑制如何發展成社會焦慮。Degnan與Fox(2007)提出行為抑制至焦慮症的假設性模式，他們認為行為抑制需透過較差的執行功能才會發展出焦慮。Degnan與Fox的模型中並未詳細論述在模型中所指稱的執行功能內涵為何，但過去已有諸多研究指出社會焦慮的個體對威脅刺激存在注意力偏向，晚近則有學者指出焦慮者的注意力偏誤可能與較差的注意力控制功能有關，而注意力控制被認為是執行功能中基本且重要的功能之一。因此，本研究的主要目的即在於驗證兒童的注意力控制功能是否會中介行為抑制到社會焦慮之間的關係，亦即行為抑制是否會透過注意力控制功能而影響兒童的社會焦慮。研究方法：研究對象為國小高年級學童，共343位。所有受試者填寫中文版行為抑制量表、中文版注意力控制量表兒童版、社會焦慮量表兒童版，以探討兒童的行為抑制氣質、注意力控制功能、社會焦慮間的關係。研究結果：(1)中文版行為抑制量表與中文版注意力控制量表兒童版具有良好信、效度。(2)高行為抑制可以預測較高的社會焦慮。(3)高行為抑制可以預測較低的注意力控制。(4)低注意力控制可以預測較高的社會焦慮。(5)注意力控制在行為抑制至社會焦慮間的關係中具有部分中介效果。(6)在注意力控制中，低注意力聚焦比低注意力轉移更能預測較高的社會焦慮。(7)注意力聚焦在行為抑制至社會焦慮間的關係中具有部分中介效果。討論：針對行為抑制、注意力控制及社會焦慮間的關係，進行討論與整合，並提出臨床上的可能應用與未來研究方向。

關鍵字

行為抑制 ； 社會焦慮 ； 注意力控制 ； 注意力聚焦 ； 注意力轉移

並列摘要

Background and purpose: Anxiety has become a serious problem of mental health in childhood and adolescence, of which social anxiety is the most common problem and has a great and broad impact on an individual’s life.The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition(DSM-5) has suggested that behavioral inhibition is one of risk factors in social anxiety. However, few research has explored the mechanism underlying the development of social anxiety in children with childbood high levels of behavioral inhibition. Degnan and Fox(2007) proposed the possible pathway from behavioral inhibition to anxiety disorders. They assumed that executive functions mediated the relationship between behavioral inhibition and anxiety disorders. Although Degnan and Fox's model didn't describe which component of executive functionsis assumed to be a mediator between behavioral inhibition and social anxiety, previous research has suggested that socially anxious individuals’ threat-related attentional bias may be associate with impaired attentional control, which is one of the important component of executive functions. Therefore, this study aims to explore whether the attentional control would mediate the relationship between behavioral inhibition and social anxiety in children. Method: A group of 343 senior elementary students completed the Chinese version of behavioral inhibition scale, child version of attentional control scale, and child version of social anxiety scale to investigate the relationships between the behavioral inhibition, attentional control, and childhood social anxiety. Result: (1)Both the Chinese version of behavioral inhibition scale and child version of attentional control scale were shown to have good reliability and validity. (2) High levels of behavioral inhibition predicted higher social anxiety. (3) High levels of behavioral inhibition predicted weaker attentional control. (4) Weak attentional control predicted higher social anxiety. (5) Attentional control partially mediated the relationship between behavioral inhibition and childhood social anxiety. (6) Weak attentional focusing rather than weak attentional shifting predicted higher childhood social anxiety. (7) Attentional focusing partially mediated the relationship between behavioral inhibition and social anxiety. Discussion: Based on above findings, clinical applications and future research directions were discussed.

並列關鍵字

Behavioral inhibition ； Social anxiety ； Attentional control ； Attentional focusing ； Attentional shifting

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