小功率集能電路設計

Design of a low power management circuit for energy harvesting

莊子逸(Chuang Tzu-Yi)

指導教授 ： 丁鏞

中原大學/工學院/機械工程研究所/碩士(2017年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu201700840

摘要

本研究探討並提出了由壓電材料，如壓電陶瓷或壓電聚合物所產生的微小功率輸出的電源管理電路設計。由於壓電材料的低功率輸出，所使用之電子零件數必須精簡，且任何時候輸出之能量都需被使用與收集。本研究提出了一種混合型升壓轉換器，讓壓電材料所產生的電能可以與充電電池結合，以滿足負載所需之電壓。這種混合型轉換器在材料的輸出電壓太低而無法驅動負載的時候運作。但當輸出的電壓足夠時，則由壓電材料單獨供給輸出。最後，如果壓電材料可以產生夠高的電壓，則將通過截波電路，向負載供應電壓並同時為電池充電。這三種模式的電源管理設計，可應用於大部分的壓電材料。
本研究還提出了一種用於控制轉換器模式和開關的全被動元件控制電路。這是通過多個電晶體來替代比較器來達成電壓的比較。此電路可同時運作且可滿足廣範圍的輸入電壓。供應轉換器跟混合轉換器互相做比較來選擇系統何時運行於某特定模式。完整電路包含了三種轉換器與其控制電路，並將在最後展示其所產生的輸出波形。

關鍵字

電源管理 ； 混合型轉換器 ； 能量收集 ； 被動元件

並列摘要

This study explores and proposes a circuitry design for power management of the very low-power output from the piezoelectric materials such as piezoelectric ceramics or polymer will be the focus of circuitry design for power management. Due to the low-power output, the component count has to be kept low and its output has to be harvested at all times. This research proposes a Hybrid Converter where the power from the piezoelectric material can be combined with a supporting battery to achieve a desired voltage for the load. This converter should work in periods where the voltage output from the material is too low to provide the desired output. However, if it is enough, the battery is disconnected and the material alone powers the output through the Supply Converter. And finally, if the voltage from the piezoelectric material is more than high enough, another boost converter, the Charge Converter, is connected in parallel to the Supply Converter to simultaneously power the load and charge the battery. This completes the three-mode power management design for the whole range of power output.

The research also proposes a fully passive components control circuit for controlling the modes and switches for the converters. This is done through multiple transistors as voltage detectors. This research presents the formula for each converter and their efficiencies at different input voltages. The Supply Converter is compared with the Hybrid Converter to see when the system should choose to run a specific mode. The whole circuit with the converters and control circuitry are presented in the end with the produced waveforms.

並列關鍵字

power management ； hybrid converter ； energy harvesting ； passive components

參考文獻

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