酬賞敏感性格理論、雙軸因應模式與心理適應的關係：以大學生為例

The relationships between Revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (r-RST), dual-axis model of coping and psychological adjustment in undergraduate students.

郭梅卿(Mei-Ching Kuo)

指導教授 ： 梁記雯 ； 葉理豪

中原大學/理學院/心理學研究所/碩士(2017年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu201700769

摘要

本研究欲探討個體在性格、雙軸因應模式與心理適應之間的關係。首先，在過去研究中多數以單軸因應為主要研究架構，而其對心理健康之間的解釋力仍不足，且在因應的過程中經常與人際互動有關。因此，本研究採取雙軸因應模式，除了考量主/被動的單軸因應向度外，另外增加了利/損他的社會性向度。其次，現今已累積許多性格與因應的相關研究，無論在因應的理論或因應歷程中皆能發現它們之間有所關聯，但研究結果似乎都顯示相關程度不高。最後，過去從酬賞敏感性格理論觀點來探討性格、因應與心理適應之間關係的研究相對較少。綜合上述，本研究希望以酬賞敏感性格理論的角度出發，探究個體的性格如何透過因應策略進而影響其心理適應。 本研究以北部地區私立大學的大學生為研究對象，採取便利取樣的方式抽樣374位大學生，所有參與者皆完成Jackson-5修訂酬賞敏感理論量表、雙軸向因應策略量表、正負向情感量表與情境-特質生氣表達量表。 本研究的主要結果如下：雙軸因應模式對r-RST與心理適應之間的中介效果，在正負向情感的部分，結果顯示個體在高r-BAS激發水準，也會傾向使用較多主動利他及主動損他策略，並且使用較少被動損他策略，因而帶來較多的正向情緒；在r-BIS系統上也發現相同的效果。另外，個體的Freeze激發水準越高，會傾向使用較少的主動損他策略與較多的被動損他策略，因而降低正向情感；Freeze激發水準越高同時也會影響個體使用更多被動損他策略，而增加負向情感。在生氣表達的部分，個體的Freeze激發水準越高，會傾向使用較多的被動利他策略與較多的被動損他策略，因而採取較多的生氣內抑來表達情緒。個體的Fight激發水準越高，會傾向使用較多的主動損他策略，因而採取較多的生氣外洩來表達情緒。個體的r-BAS激發水準越高，會傾向使用較多的被動利他策略，因而提升對於生氣情緒的控制；個體的Fight激發水準越高，會傾向較少使用的被動利他策略，因而降低對於生氣情緒的控制。

關鍵字

酬賞敏感性格理論 ； 雙軸因應模式 ； 正負向情感 ； 特質生氣 ； 生氣表達

並列摘要

This study aimed to explore the relationships between personality, coping and psychological adjustment. Previous research on coping which used a single-axis model of coping based on the action dimension (active vs. passive) have shown the associations between coping strategies and psychological adjustment. However, the effcts of coping on psychological health have only limited explanatory power. An alternative model, the dual-axis model of coping which included both the action (active vs. passive) and social (prosocial vs antisocial) dimensions has been shown to improve the explanatory power of a model while explaining the effects of coping strategies on psychological health. To date, few studies examine the relationships between personality, coping strategies, and psychological health. The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of coping strategies as mediators on the relationships between Revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (r-RST) and psychological adjustment. Three hundrend and seventy-four undergraduates completed the Jackson-5 scales of revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (Jackson-5), dual-axis model of coping scales, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), and State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI). The main findings include: 1. Active-prosocial, active-antisocial and passive-antisocial coping mediated the relationships between r-BAS/r-BIS and positive affects. Individual with high r-BAS/r-BIS arousal tended to use more active-prosocial and active-antisocial and to use less passive-antisocial coping strategies, and thus resulted in higher level of positive affect. 2. Active-antisocial and passive-antisocial coping mediated the relationships between Freeze and positive affect. Individual with high Freeze arousal tended to use less active-antisocial and more passive-antisocial coping, and thus resulted in lower level of positive affect. Passive-antisocial coping mediated the relationships between Freeze and negative affect. Individual with high Freeze arousal tended to use more passive-antisocial coping and this was associated with higher level of negative affect. 3. Passive-prosocial and passive-antisocial coping mediated the relationship between Freeze and anger-in expression. Individual with high Freeze arousal tended to use more passive-prosocial and passive-antisocial coping, and thus resulted in more anger-in expression. Active-antisocial coping mediated the relationship between Fight and anger-out expression. Individual with high Fight arousal tended to use more active-antisocial coping, and thus resulted in more anger-out expression.Passive-prosocial coping mediated the relationship between r-BAS/Fight and anger control. Individual with high r-BAS arousal tended to use more passive-prosocial coping, and thus resulted in more anger control expression. In contrast, individual with high Fight arousal tended to use less passive-prosocial coping strategies, and thus resulted in diminished anger control expression.

並列關鍵字

Revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory ； dual-axis model of coping ； Positive and Negative Affect ； Trait Anger ； Anger Expression

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