3D列印技術應用於家具五金製作－以木構家具為例

3D列印的使用使客製化的創新變得輕易上手，工業模組化的高成本已不再是阻礙，在家具設計上也有機會開始探索、實驗和原型開發。積層製造(AM)在設計行業的應用日益增加，雖然與物件之大量製造以及高強度材料的高生產成本相矛盾，但在製造物理原型降低設計開發過程中的成本變成了趨勢。然而，此無法提供僅在功能組件進行列印時獲得的經驗數據。故本論文提出：3D列印操作之經驗與釐清創作者面臨數位製造其具體可行性為何以及如何使3D列印實際應用於五金要件在木構椅子上有不同的展現方式之研究問題。將著重於探討3D列印之經驗數據，並運用於創作發想階段，將設計實體化以及實際使用。由於模型與切片軟體中的放置位置與角度、支撐的分布狀況與拆卸、機台之成型技術與成型路徑走向都影響著列印的品質，因此本研究步驟使用三種機型之機台與兩個3D列印技術 (FDM、SLA) 進行測試，進而探討列印材料特性、成型物的差異以及製造過程之比較，而比較內容分為（1）時間與耗材；（2）列印軸向；（3）強度與重量，發現物件於切片軟體中的置放方位與角度、支撐材的分布狀況與拆卸、機台之成型技術與成型路徑走向都影響著列印時間與品質，而以木構家具基本連接型態分類出三項接合類型，管材與管材、板材與板材以及管材與板材，並說明其對應至3D列印技術與材料之優勢，並將過程紀錄成印製之經驗數據，使之可以在不同使用需求上做出創意性的結合。利用前述結果進行五金要件設計與實作，以三種形式分類與六個參考案例進行五金要件之創作，分別為要件間之接合方式、與木材之接合強度以及不同長度之材料接合，並說明如何應用3D列印技術於創作設計及實作測試過程，每個形式分別以(A)設計概念；(B)過程紀錄；(C)成果描述；(D)印製過程紀錄；(E)組裝測試，作為過程描述方式，得出結果為：在板類木材接合方式，因列印範圍限制及厚度影響間及成度，具較少之變化性；在管類材料上，可在節點上作更多樣性的變化；板材與管材之接合上，在設計要件時需多留意其接合關係與要件承受力。由實驗發現，列印經驗數據需經過更多次反覆列印並將其過程紀錄，列印時間對於成型物高度與列印時間具相對關係，可納入創作過程之考量；對於現有要件之案例分析與使用測試，以及要件創作發想與將設計概念實體化並實際體驗，3D列印皆有較顯著之幫助，可直接性地對想法上進行修正。

關鍵字

3D列印；家具五金；木構家具

並列摘要

The placement and angle of the model and the slice software, the distribution and disassembly of the support, the molding technology of the machine and the direction of the molding path all affect the quality of printing. Therefore, this research step uses three models of machines and two 3D printing technologies (FDM and SLA) for testing, and then discusses the characteristics of printing materials, the differences in moldings, and the comparison of manufacturing processes. The comparison content is divided into (1) time and consumables; (2) print axis; (3) strength and weight. It is found that the placement and angle of the object in the slicing software, the distribution and disassembly of the support material, the molding technology of the machine and the direction of the molding path all affect the printing time and quality. According to the basic connection type of wooden furniture, three types of joints are classified, pipe and pipe, plate and plate, and pipe and plate. Next, explain its advantages corresponding to 3D printing technology and materials, and record the process into printing experience data, so that it can be creatively combined in different use needs. Use the results to design and implement hardware requirements. Three types of classifications and six reference cases are used to create hardware elements. They are the joining method between the elements, the joining strength with the wood, and the joining of materials of different lengths. It also explains how to apply 3D printing technology in the creative design and implementation testing process. Each form uses (A) design concept; (B) process record; (C) achievement description; (D) print process record; (E) assembly test, as the process description method. The results are as follows: in the board-like wood joining method, due to the limitation of the printing range and the influence of thickness, there is less variability; in the pipe material, more diversified changes can be made in the joints; For the joining of plates and pipes, you need to pay more attention to the joint relationship and the bearing capacity of the elements when designing the elements. It is found through experiments that printing experience data requires more repeated printing and recording of the process. The printing time has a relative relationship between the height of the molded object and the printing time, which can be taken into consideration in the creative process. For the case analysis and use test of the existing requirements, as well as the creation of the requirements and the actualization and actual experience of the design concept. 3D printing has more significant help, which can directly modify the idea.