論移民行政之公務員侵權行為與國賠責任

A Study on Compensation Liability of Immigration Public Servant Torts

蔡賢霖(Shien-Lin Tsai)

指導教授 ： 姚志明

中原大學/法學院/財經法律研究所/碩士(2016年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu201600013

摘要

摘要
面臨政府高倡提升服務和效能之時代，我國對於眾多新移工、外籍遊客、外籍移居人士相關業務於民國97年初成立專責單位以內政角度管理，然移民署所推展之移民業務與眾多新住民或移工息息相關。無論行政官職或司法官職之移民署公務員，都將遭遇更多複雜且多樣化之公共行政事務，從而創造許多行政服務之機會，尤其在臺灣有越來越多的新移民、新住民的融入下伴隨而來的行政措施，造成移民署公務員亦在處理行政調查事務時增添了許多違法犯錯之可能性，因而可能侵害人民之權利，引發國家賠償事件。我國國家賠償法和其施行細則，係針對公務員執行職務過咎和公共設施瑕疵，分別訂有國家賠償之要件和處理原則，現行國賠法之條文並不繁雜，而執行移民行政業務的公務員普遍對國賠法不甚瞭解，無法提供新住民所應得的法律保障。日漸增多的國賠案件發生也造成新住民「無冤」可申，究其原因除專業法令不夠嫻熟外，執法人員則應在國賠法必須與行政法、刑法、民法等相關之觀念併同學習、成長，視新住民為新國民始能奏其全功。惟侵權行為與犯罪行為，同為違法行為，但侵權行為之責任，為民事之損害賠償，犯罪行為之制裁，為刑罰之科處，二者之性質，尚屬有別。鑑此，為針砭此缺失，乃完成此文，供本署公務員於實施行政行為、調查行政違規(法)時，不至於有違法處分、怠忽職守或未諳法令解釋而造成侵害人民權益，如此，本文尚有可為移民行政機關處理國賠案件時參考。

關鍵字

移民行政 ； 新住民 ； 侵權行為 ； 違法性 ； 國家賠償法

並列摘要

Abstrac
Facing government initiatives to improve service times and high efficacy of many new immigrants moved to live in the country and move when business is closely related to immigration.Whether official civil servants or judicial office will encounter more of the public administration, thus creating many opportunities for administrative services , especially in Taiwan , more and more new immigrants along with administrative measures come under the integration of new residents , when the cause of civil servants NIA also in dealing with administrative affairs investigation adds many possibilities to make mistakes of illegal , which may violate the rights of the people , causing the state compensation event.
Our State Compensation Law and its enforcement rules for civil service positions over the line defect blame and public facilities were set there are elements of State Compensation principles and provisions of the existing law of the country does not lose the complex, while civil servants generally enforce immigration administrative operations State law on compensation do not understand, cannot provide legal protection of new residents deserve.
An increasing number of countries also contributed to the new cases occurred pay residents ' no injustice " can apply reason except skilled enough Profession Act, the law enforcement officers should be in the country and the concept of the relevant law must pay the administrative law , criminal law, civil law and so on , and with learn , grow , depending on the new residents to the new national power before they can play their full.
But tort law and criminal behavior, the same violations, but violations of the responsibility for damages, civil sanctions of criminal acts, as the branch of the penalty, the nature of both , still have not . In view of this , in order to point out this is missing, the text is completed , the Department for civil servants in the implementation of administrative acts , investigate administrative violations , the parent will not harm caused by illegal disposal rights of the people , and for immigrants administrative organs States lose the reference case

並列關鍵字

Administrative Torts ； Immigration ； New Immigrants ； Administration Violations ； State Compensation

參考文獻

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參考文獻