前後期高齡者行走樓梯的安全性之研究 —以苗栗縣苑裡鎮透天厝為例

A study of the stair safety for the Elderly －the Example of Tou-tain-cuo in Yuan Li Town, Miao Li County

吳素后(Su-Hou Wu)

指導教授 ： 陳政雄

中原大學/設計學院/建築學系/碩士(2007年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200700784

摘要

我國隨著科技進步、醫療發達造成老年人口的不斷攀升 ，加上社會環境的變遷以及家庭型態的不斷改變，我國已進入高齡化社會。由於社會結構的改變，使得高齡者居住的生活品質，以及完善的安養空間等問題，是目前急需迫切解決之議題。當高齡者身心機能老化時，最理想的老後居住環境是能在自己住慣得的地方養老，因此理想的居住環境除了必須注意到機能、居住性等基本需求之外，最重要的三個條件：「安全」、「安心」、「安定」。

上述三個條件中，最基本也是最重要的是「安全」，居家無障礙環境設計的目的，是希望高齡者在居家環境中能獨立自主的生活，可預防意外事件的發生，並減輕照顧者的負擔，建造一個安全、舒適、便利適合高齡者居住的生活環境。

根據調查指出，樓梯在居住空間是比較危險及容易發生意外事故的場所。本論文是一實驗研究，旨在探討高齡者因生理、心理機能的老化行走樓梯時之量測資料；以腳抬高高度、心跳率、呼吸次數、上下樓時間等因子為依變項，以高齡者年齡為自變項，分析變項間之相關性，並透過訪談調查及直接觀察的方法，探討高齡者行走樓梯之心理、生理層面上與樓梯空間環境之相互關係，以便了解前、後期高齡者行走樓梯之實際情況，其主要研究結果：
1、分析前、後期高齡者行走樓梯之移動能力，以「卡方檢定」探討其顯著性及差異程度。經由實驗結果發現，前期高齡者行走樓梯障礙程度明顯低於後期高齡者，且透天厝樓梯對後期高齡者在行走過程中因年齡的增長生理功能老化、步態不穩、平衡能力變差、動作遲緩，以致於在上、下樓梯是有障礙與困 難。
2、以訪談調查方式，探討前、後期高齡者在行走樓梯時，耗費體力、危險程度、安全性、舒適性的感受，從中瞭解心理、生理層面上與樓梯空間環境之相互關係。以現今透天厝的樓梯尺寸對前期高齡者來說，還算是舒適；但對後期高齡者來說由於身體機能老化、心理焦慮，以至於在行走樓梯過程中充滿著不安全感，擔心意外事故發生。

關鍵字

高齡者 ； 透天厝 ； 樓梯 ； 無障礙居住環境

並列摘要

With the increasing numbers of the senile citizens due to the ever-advanced pace of development in modern technology and medical care as well as the transformation in the social and household structure, our country has turned a senile society. Under the transition of social structure, what has emerging as the issue of top priority will be the life quality and adequate living space of the aged people. When facing the degradation of both their mental and physical functions, these seniors long to dwell in an ideal place where they are familiar with. Consequently, rather than merely contenting the basic daily life demands of the aged, an ideal living environment for them must focus on three essential factors, namely safety, peace of mind, and stabilization.

Safety is the fundamental and most significant factor among those mentioned above. Therefore, the aim of design for the household barrier free environment is enabling the senior citizens to live independently at home, preventing accidents, alleviating the burdens of the caretakers, and creating a not only safe but also comfortable and convenient living environment which suits the aged most.

Furthermore, according to a survey, the staircase is a place where the senior people get injured more easily in the house. This thesis is based on a research of experiments, the intention of which is to look into the measuring data about the degradation of both their mental and physical functions of the aged when they are using the stairs. The dependent variables include the height when the aged lift their feet, their heart-beating frequency, their breath, and the time they walk on the stairs. Then again, this study analyzed the relationships between those dependent variables and the independent variable – the ages of the senior people. Moreover, by the approaches of interviews and observation, this research explores the relationships among the mental and physical status of the aged using the stairs and the environment of the staircases in order to realize the real staircase usage behavior of the seniors in the early and late senior age. The conclusion of this research will be illustrated as followed:

1. This research analyzed the moving abilities on the staircases of the aged in the early and late senior age by the “Chisquare test” and discussed the significance and differences of this test. As depicted in this experiment, it quite apparent that seniors in the early senior age have far less difficulties of using the stairs than those in the late senior age. Another fact is that because of the aging and physical degradation, imbalances of the steps, and the sluggishness of the movements, senior citizens in the late senior age have more difficulties when using stairs, which has turned an obstacle to them.
2. By interviewing the senior people, this research looked into the consumption of the strength, the extent of danger, safety and feeling of the aged on the stairs as well as the relationships among their mental and physical status and the environment of the staircases. To the elderly people in the early senior age, the scales of the staircases in terraced houses nowadays are still acceptable. In terms of the aged in the late senior age, however, they harbor a sense of insecure and worry about having an accident when they are using the stairs for anxiety and the retrogression of their physical functions.

並列關鍵字

barrier free living environment ； the aged ； terraced houses ； staircase

參考文獻

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